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Atlantic Flyway review: Region V

Banding activities in Region V in 1975 were similar to those of 1974. The stations at Woodend and St. Michaels were discontinued, but a new station 5 miles south of St. Michaels was opened at Bellevue by Henry Armistead. For the locations of the various banding stations in Region V see the map in the 1974 report (North American Bird Bander 1:75-82). As in the past several years, the great majority of the birds banded were caught at the three full-time stations: Adventure in the Potomac Valley near the fall line, Damsite on the east shore of Chesapeake Bay, and Kiptopeke at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. At these three stations, 17,244 birds were banded during the 1975 fall season; this is 77% of the regional total of 22,315 birds.

North American Bird Bander

Survival of aluminum and monel bands on black brant

Three recoveries of Black Brant ( Branta bernicla nigricans ) were recently reported in the "Significant Encounters" section of North American Bird Bander (Anon. 1986). At the time of recovery these Brant were 21.5, 22 and at least 22.5 years old. The significance of these recoveries caught my attention as all were of birds banded on the Yukon Delta, Alaska in 1963 by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. In that year bands made of monel metal, a corrosion-resistant alloy consisting mainly of nickel and copper, were used for the first time in anticipation that they would survive significantly longer than standard aluminum bands in the estuarine and marine habitats used by Brant. Follow-up studies of the experimental banding were conducted by the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge of which I was manager from 1964-1975.

North American Bird Bander

North American bird banding program longevity records

Longevity in wild birds refers to the longest-lived individual of any particular species. This measure of age can reflect important life history traits and identifying differences in longevity patterns between species can reveal unique threats or conservation needs. Because it requires the identification of individual birds, longevity can usually only be measured through banding or marking of individuals. A bird’s age can generally be determined at the time of banding and then recalculated whenever the bird is subsequently recovered, recaptured, or resighted. The North American Bird Banding Program (NABBP), comprised of the U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) and Canada’s Bird Banding Office (BBO), curates a vast dataset of all North American bird banding records, as well as subsequent encounters of banded birds reported by banders and members of the public. Although not all bird populations are banded equally and band encounters are only reported voluntarily, the NABBP is thus uniquely situated to catalogue and report longevity records for bird species under our purview.

North American Bird Bander

Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)

Fall 1999 was among the poorest seasons in this banding station's 20 years of operation. Record high capture totals were set for only two species: Ruby-throated Hummingbird (41 individuals captured, none banded; previous high 21) and White-breasted Nuthatch (two individuals banded; previous high, one). The only other species that stood out as being unusually numerous was Blackpoll Warbler, for which the banding total (33 birds) was the highest since 1988. Bandings of several species (Red-eyed Vireo, Tennessee Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Ovenbird, Hooded Warbler, Canada Warbler, Eastern Towhee, and Field Sparrow) were at record lows, and bandings of many other species were below the long-term (1980-1998) mean. The number of species banded was also below the long-term mean of 86 species, and tied the previous low. Possible contributing factors included drought conditions in Maryland and elsewhere in the East, which may have influenced nesting productivity and migration dates for some species; Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd, which influenced East Coast weather through much of September; the unprecedented scarcity of Hercules' Club ( Aralia spinosa ) fruits at the banding station; and occasional visits by a gray fox, which reduced operation of some nets in October and November. A season highlight was the August capture of 37 Red-eyed Vireos banded at this station in previous years, including a bird banded in August 1989. These are almost certainly locally nesting birds that feed on the abundant fruits of Viburnum dentatum in the powerline right-of-way in late summer. Regular assistants at the banding station included Woody Martin, Susie Michaelson, Jane Nicolich, Gemma Radko, Jack Saba, Julie Tomita, and Laurie Walter. Danny Bystrak and Mary Gustafson each served as bander-in-charge on several mornings.

Maryland

Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV, Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2004

July, August, and September were cool and wet in the Southeast, with multiple hurricanes threatening the banding stations. Banding results ranged from poor in Laurel and Chincoteague to excellent at Chino Farms, Kiptopeke, Jekyll Island, and the Florida stations. There was little agreement on peak migration days, which ranged from 11 Oct to 6 Nov. Likewise, the date for maximum species ranged from 19 Sep to 9 Oct in Maryland and from 11 Sep to 15 Oct in states farther south. Myrtle Warbler numbers are still below normal, and warblers in general seemed scarcer except at Bill Baggs Cape Florida where warbler numbers approached those at Appalachian stations. Jekyll Island had an extraordinary total of 69 Tennessee Warblers in October, possibly pushed off course by the remnants of Hurricane Matthew in the lower Mississippi valley. Vireos are seldom mentioned in Region IV reports, but this year Blue-headed Vireo was a first for Eden Mill and was a highlight at Jug Bay. Chino Farms banded a record eight Warbling Vireos, Kiptopeke banded a Yellow-throated Vireo and the first Warbling Vireo in at least 11 years. Jekyll Island banders had two Philadelphia Vireos. Finally, Michelle Davis's report from Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park concludes with the mention of three West Indian vagrants.

North American Bird Bander

Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007

Region IV welcomed another coastal station in 2007 with a report from Chris Snook at Charleston, South Carolina. The season was hot and dry throughout Region IV except in Florida where precipitation averaged above normal. Banders blamed their poor success on the lack of cold fronts in August, September, and the first half of October and on persistent strong east winds that blew the migrants farther inland. At Bill Baggs State Park in Miami no significant cold fronts were encountered until 25 Oct, and then on 29 Oct they banded over 100 Black-throated Blue Warblers that should have been on their West Indian wintering grounds by that date. Myrtle Warblers continued to be the most commonly banded species in Region IV, although numbers were down considerably from the previous autumn; their age ratios ranged from 25% hatching year (HY) at inland Tallahassee to 100% HY at coastal Chincoteague. Gray Catbird, which made the top ten list at all11 stations, was in second place, with percent of HYbirds ranging from 54% at Laurel to 95% at Chincoteague. Peak migration days ranged from 19 Sep in Laurel to 14 Nov at Kiptopeke, with five stations reporting their peak during 10-15 Oct. Thanks to the dedicated banders and assistants who contributed 61,825 net-hours in autumn 2007 to band 22,424 birds in Region IV. Thanks also to colleagues Deanna Dawson and John R. Sauer for their helpful comments.

North American Bird Bander

Memorial to a Black Turnstone: An examplar of breeding and wintering site fidelity

Most of us who have banded long-distance migrants are aware, through recaptures of individuals, of the high degree of site fidelity exhibited by many bird species. It is not uncommon for a bander to have a marked bird remain in the vicinity of its banding site throughout a season and then to recapture or sight the bird there during the following season, or occasionally for several successive seasons. However, these "special" birds are rarely encountered away from the banding site and, if they are, it is usually because they have died and the band has been reported. Rarely do we get multiple recaptures or resightings of an individual bird that allow us to compare site fidelity at the two ends of its migration route or to determine the timing of movements between these points. Here we describe an instance of a uniquely marked Black Turnstone ( Arenario melanocephola) that was studied on both its breeding and wintering grounds for 5 consecutive years. We believe this represents one of the most detailed accounts of this nature for a North American bird.

North American Bird Bander

Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003

We welcome the Eden Mill station in northeastern Maryland to Region IV this year. With three stations reporting their worst year ever, we really need to be refreshed. After a cool and wet July, August was hot and wet in the east. Temperatures in September remained close to normal, but thanks to tropical storms Henri (6-8 Sep) and Isabel (18 Sep), rainfall was excessive in the Chesapeake Bay states. The entire Northeast had cool weather in October, starting with an early freeze on 3 Oct that triggered some good banding days in our region. Precipitation was unusually spotty in October, but plentiful at most of the Region IV stations. November temperatures were consistently well above the norm, starting with a record-breaking 81 ø in Baltimore on the 1 st . Four of the five Maryland stations had their best day on 19 or 20 Oct. One might expect some of the Virginia coastal stations, Chincoteague, Kiptopeke, and Back Bay, to share the same best day, but they did not. Three stations reported an increase in birds per net hour this year, while seven had a decline. Summarizing the changes in rank in Table 2, Gray Catbird was the species with the most (5) increases in rank (in excess of decreases), followed by junco (4) and Myrtle Warbler and Swamp Sparrow (3 each). Yellowthroat had the most decreases (5), followed by redstart (3). Myrtle Warbler (4572) was once again the most commonly banded species in Region IV, followed by White-throated Sparrow (1723), Gray Catbird (1349), and Western Palm Warbler (1090). Michelle Davis' station on Key Biscayne is the envy of the rest of us. Her top eight species were all warblers and there was not a Myrtle among them. Imagine having Parula, Prairie, and Worm-eating warblers fighting for sixth place! Not showing among the top ten, however, are other surprises. Several banders commented on Sawwhet Owls and Bicknell's Thrushes. Deanna Dawson banded a Cerulean Warbler at Patuxent. Danny Bystrak caught 138 Swamp Sparrows at Jug Bay. In addition to two Clay-colored Sparrows and two Gambel's White-crowns, Jim Gruber at Chino Farms had his first Le Conte's Sparrow and a state high of 39 Lincoln's Sparrows. Dick Roberts' new species at Chincoteague included Yellow-throated and Mourning warblers, while Jethro Runco's best birds at Kiptopeke included S edge Wren and Golden-winged Warbler. The Simpsons at Back Bay finally identified a Western Wood-Pewee after many years of trying. Unusual for Michelle Davis' warbler station on Key Biscayne were Tennessee, Chestnut-sided, and Bay-breasted warblers.

North American Bird Bander

Role of banding in forest conservation strategy in eastern Guatemala

In response to a request from FUNDAECO, a Guatemalan non-government organization, we worked with them to develop a conservation strategy for the Cerro San Gil Protected Area and surrounding private lands. Volunteer banders from a dozen states and Canadian provinces assisted in long-term monitoring of populations of resident and migratory species through banding and point counts. Guatemalan students were trained to continue the research and initiate other conservation projects. Banding data helped demonstrate habitat and elevational affiliations, effects of habitat fragmentation, site fidelity, survival rates, local movements, and presence of rare species not otherwise detected. Banding was also an excellent teaching tool and provided videos for conservation programs on Guatemala national television. Roadside and off-road Breeding Bird Survey transects were used to map distribution of breeding species on habitat maps derived from satellite imagery, and point count surveys on private lands were used to identify prime habitats that warrant protection through conservation easements--a new concept for Central America.

North American Bird Bander

Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV - Fall 2003: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)

The station was operated on fewer days than usual in 2003, opening a bit later, closing a week early, and missing several good days in September through mid-October, when the manager/lead bander was conducting research on migrating birds in Lower Delmarva. As a result, capture totals for many species are not comparable to other years, and totals for several species, including House Wren, Northern Parula, Nashville Warbler, Blackthroated Green Warbler, Bay-breasted Warbler, American Redstart, Connecticut Warbler, and Common Yellowthroat, set record lows. Fifty-three birds banded in previous years were captured, all of species that either nest or. winter here. Included were a record high 16 Gray Catbirds, nine of which were hatching-year (HY) birds when banded. Six return Red-eyed Vireos were captured, again far fewer than during the station's first 20 years of operation; the oldest, an adult when banded in Aug 1998, was last captured in Aug 2000. Other highlights were captures of a Cerulean Warbler (HY male), a Marsh Wren, an American Tree Sparrow, and a Northern Saw-whet Owl with a meadow jumping mouse ( Zapus hudsonius ) in its talons. Special thanks to Danny Bystrak, who operated the station on many mornings during my absence. Thanks also to Marty Barron, Murray Efford, Cecilia Leumas, Woody Martin, Diann Prosser, Mike Quinlan, Gemma Radko, Jack Saba, and John Sauer, who provided regular or occasional assistance. Sara Campbell, assistant of Dr. Peter Marra at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, collected blood samples from over 500 birds to test for exposure to West Nile Virus. Results are not yet available.

Maryland

Atlantic Flyway review: Region IV Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Fall 2007: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)

After a gap of two years I resumed banding at this suburban fall-line station on the Patuxent River, my 33rd fall banding season on our two-acre wooded lot. I banded three mornings per week, trying to keep the same schedule as the Patuxent powerline station five miles downstream. I used half as many nets as they did and captured only 15% as many birds. Their location in a large undeveloped area combined with their managed shrub habitat probably accounted for most of the difference. The powerline station favored warblers and kinglets; I did better on cardinals and thrushes. I have witnessed a continuing decline in warblers. In 1997 and 1998 I was still getting four species of warblers among my top ten, and then two or three warbler species through 2004; 2007 was my first year with no warblers among my top ten species. My oldest recapture was a 1 0-year-old Gray Catbird (8051-36905) banded as an AHY on 18 Aug 1998.

Maryland

Atlantic Flyway review: Region V

Four of last year's Maryland stations were either discontinued or banded too few birds to report their results in 1978; these were Cloisters in Baltimore County, Cylburn in Baltimore City, tum Suden Sanctuary in Harford County, and Sandy Point State Park in Anne Arundel County. Banding was severely curtailed at Damsite, Maryland's last remaining Eastern Shore Station. Each of the other stations in Region V, however, showed an increase in net-hours over 1977, and two new stations were welcomed to the network: McDonogh School in Baltimore County, and Jekyll Island on the coast of Georgia. Station activities are summarized in Table 1. The total net-hours of effort by participating stations in 1978 (68,627) was 2% greater than the effort in 1977 (67,410), but the total number of birds banded dropped 24%, from 23,881 to 18,180. If we compare only the eight stations that were operated fairly consistently both years (Adventure, Sandy Spring, Laurel, Towson, Fort Howard, Kiptopeke, Long Beach, and Gulf Breeze}, new birds banded per 100 net-hours dropped 31%, from 37.8 in 1977 to 26.0 in 1978.

North American Bird Bander

Capturing birds with mist nets: A review

Herein we have tried to provide a comprehensive review of mist-netting techniques suitable for both novice and experienced netters. General mist-netting procedures and modifications developed by netters for particular bird species and habitats are included. Factors which influence capture success, including site selection, net specifications and placement, weather, and time of day, are discussed. Guidelines are presented for the care of netted birds and the use of mist-net data in the study of bird communities. The advantages of the use of mist nets over other methods of capturing birds are also discussed.

North American Bird Bander

Atlantic Flyway review: Region V

One new station was added to the Region V roster in 1981: Bestgate in the Annapolis suburbs. We also have a summary from Cylburn Arboretum in Baltimore City, a station that had not reported since 1977. The total regional effort of 82,282 net-hours was surpassed only in 1980. Although the total net-hours of operation decreased only 10.8% from 1980, the number of birds banded dropped 15.8%. The greatest decrease in birds per 100 net-hours (-56%) occurred at Gulf Breeze, Florida. Inspection of the last two lines of Table I shows that only modest changes occurred at other stations. Complying the 14 stations that reported in both 1980 and 1981, the birds per 100 net-hours decreased from 40.31 to 38.20.

North American Bird Bander