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Inheritance patterns of enzymes and serum proteins of mallard-black duck hybrids

From 1974 to 1976, a breeding program was used to produce hybrids of black ducks and mallards for the evaluation of inheritance patterns of serum proteins and serum, liver and muscle enzymes. In addition to the crosses designed to produce hybrids, a series of matings in 1975 and 1976 were designed to evaluate inheritance patterns of a hybrid with either a black duck or mallard. At the F1 level, hybrids were easily distinguished using serum proteins. However, once a hybrid was crossed back to either a mallard or black duck, only 12?23% of the progeny were distinguishable from black ducks or mallards using serum proteins and 23?39% using esterases. Muscle, serum and liver enzymes were similar between the two species.

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

Quantitative variation and the ecological role of vulpinic acid and atranorin in thallus of Letharia vulpina

High pressure liquid chromatography was used to determine concentrations of vulpinic acid and atranorin in the thaullus of Letharia vulpina . Vulpinic acid concentration is lowest in the old basal branches of the thallus and increases toward the young branch tips, whereas the reverse is true for atranorin. The suggested role of vulpinic acid as an anti-herbivore defense compound is supported by both this distribution of the compound and our observations that vulpinic acid acts as a feeding deterrent to certain invertebrates. No significant difference in the content of atranorin or vulpinic acid was found in lichens from microhabitats of different sunlight intensities.

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology