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A report on the ground-water and surface-water surveys of the Nueces River Basin was included in a report by the Bureau of Reclamation, entitled "Comprehensive plan for water-resources development of the Nueces River Basin project planning report number 5-14.04-3, February 1946".
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The study of the Southwest alluvial basins (east) will involve an analysis of the regional aquifer system in parts of Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. This area has been divided into 22 basins. The study of the alluvial aquifer-system will be made in the following stages: (1) project planning, (2) literature searches, (3) compiling existing data, (4) data collection, (5) basin modeling, (6) regional aquifer modeling, and (7) reports. The regional aquifer study will be accomplished through studying each of the 22 basins. Data compilation and limited data collection will be part of each basin study. Digital computer models will be made for those basins where data are sufficient. A regional aquifer model will be developed from the basin models. In addition to this report, there will be basin hydrology reports and the final regional report. Included in the final report will be a description of the regional hydrology and geology. (USGS)
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The Erie-Niagara basin contains about 2,000 square miles in western New York State. The drainage systems of the area discharge into Lake Erie and the Niagara River at an average rate of about 1,730 mgd (million gallons per day). Annual precipitation ranges from about 32 to 44 inches. Evapo-transpiration losses account for about 20 inches of water a year and the streams have an average annual runoff of about 18 inches.
The Erie-Niagara basin, New York, borders Lake Erie and the Niagara River and includes the principal part of their drainage basin in New York. The area extends from the Cattaraugus Creek basin on the south to the Tonawanda Creek basin on the north. The northern part of the area and a narrow belt along Lake Erie are in the Erie-Ontario Lowlands, a region of low relief. The remainder of the area lies in the Appalachian Uplands, an area of considerable relief.
The streams in the 2,000-square-mile Erie-Niagara basin of western New York contain mainly a calcium bicarbonate type of water whose dissolved-solids content generally varies between 140 and 240 ppm (parts per mill ion). Water "hardness" (expressed as CaCO 3 ) is usually between 100 and 200 ppm, sulfate concentrations are between 20 and 60 ppm, and chloride between 5 and 20 ppm. The higher concentrations of these constituents and properties are representative of the northern part of the area, which is underlain by the gypsum-bearing Camillus Shale. The northern part of the area contains a predominantly calcium sulfate type of water that usually has a dissolved-solids content of between 250 and 750 ppm, sulfate between 40 and 350 ppm, chloride between 20 and 70 ppm, and hardness between 200 and 500 ppm.
This reconnaissance study of erosion and deposition of sediment in the Erie-Niagara basin indicates that the highest sediment yields, on the order of 1,000 tons per square mile per year, occur in streams that drain upland areas. In contrast, for example, from the lowland part of the Tonawanda Creek basin, the annual sediment yields are on the order of 100 tons per square mile per year. The estimated average annual sediment yields of streams in the basin range from 50 tons per square mile for Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, to 1,500 tons per square mile for Cazenovia Creek at Ebenezer. These estimates are based on measured instantaneous sediment discharge at selected stream stations, the sediment loads of which ranged from 1,100 tons per year for Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden to 610,000 tons per year for Cattaraugus Creek at Gowanda. The accuracy of the estimates of average annual sediment discharge could be considerably improved by the collection of additional data. Nevertheless, the estimates are believed to be indicative of the magnitude of sediment yields and provide a general description of stream-sediment movement in the study area. Peak suspended-sediment concentrations in the range of 2,600 to 5,300 ppm (parts per million) were observed at three stations in the Cattaraugus Creek basin, as well as at Buffalo Creek at Gardenville, Cazenovia Creek at Ebenezer, and Cayuga Creek near Lancaster.
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