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USGS1981

The Earth Resources Observation Systems data center's training technical assistance, and applications research activities

The Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDO, administered by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, provides remotely sensed data to the user community and offers a variety of professional services to further the understanding and use of remote sensing technology. EDC reproduces and sells photographic and electronic copies of satellite images of areas throughout the world. Other products include aerial photographs collected by 16 organizations, including the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Primary users of the remotely sensed data are Federal, State, and municipal government agencies, universities, foreign nations, and private industries. The professional services available at EDC are primarily directed at integrating satellite and aircraft remote sensing technology into the programs of the Department of the Interior and its cooperators. This is accomplished through formal training workshops, user assistance, cooperative demonstration projects, and access to equipment and capabilities in an advanced data analysis laboratory. In addition, other Federal agencies, State and local governments, universities, and the general public can get assistance from the EDC Staff. Since 1973, EDC has contributed to the accelerating growth in development and operational use of remotely sensed data for land resource problems through its role as educator and by conducting basic and applied remote sensing applications research. As remote sensing technology continues to evolve, EDC will continue to respond to the increasing demand for timely information on remote sensing applications. Questions most often asked about EDC's research and training programs include: Who may attend an EDC remote sensing training course? Specifically, what is taught? Who may cooperate with EDC on remote sensing projects? Are interpretation services provided on a service basis? This report attempts to define the goals and objectives of and policies on the following EDC services: Training Program. User Assistance. Data Analysis Laboratory. Cooperative Demonstration Projects. Research Projects.

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USGS1981

Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Colorado: fiscal year 1981

The report provides an overview of water-resources data collection and hydrologic investigations in Colorado from October 1, 1980, to September 30, 1981. Most of the work is carried out in cooperation with 51 Federal, State, and local agencies. Data are being collected at 503 surface-water gaging stations, 161 surface-water quality stations, and 1,151 observation wells. Sixty-seven hydrologic investigations are underway and are described in the report by a map showing the location of the study area and a statement of the purpose, objective, approach, progress, and plans. Twelve of the investigations are statewide, 6 are regional, 9 are in the Missouri River basin, 8 in the Arkansas River basin, 6 in the Rio Grande basin, and 5 are multistate. Listed in the report are references to 9 data reports and 27 interpretive reports released or published in fiscal year 1980 as a result of water-resources investigations in Colorado. (USGS)

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USGS1981

Hydrologic studies of the U.S. Geological Survey in major coal-resource areas of Utah through 1980

Increased interest in coal has created greater interest in water, both for environmental and water-supply reasons. This report summarizes hydrologic studies conducted in and near the major coal fields of Utah (fig. 1) by the U.S. Geological Survey through 1980. It is intended as a reference for those people dealing with coal-related hydrologic problems. Published reports and reports in preparation at the time of this compilation are summarized in an annotated bibliography. The 4? reports in the annotated bibliography deal with many components of the hydrologic system. Most of the reports are interpretive in nature, but some contain only hydrologic data. The reports deal with such varied subjects as the magnitude and frequency of floods, availability of ground water, and hydrologic impacts of coal mining. Seven hydrologic studies that are active in 1980 in Utah coal-resource areas are described. In addition to these seven, studies, that part of the Geological Survey statewide data-collection network in the vicinity of the major coal fields is described. The hydrologic studies are conducted and reports prepared, for the most part, by personnel of the Water Resources Division, Utah District. tost of the studies and data-collection programs are in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies. Utah Power and Light Co. provides stream- flow data collected at one gaging station.

Utah↗
USGS1980

United States Geological Survey reports on the water resources of Florida, 1886-1979

The U.S. Geological Survey has been making investigations of the water resources of Florida since the latter part of the 19th century. The earlier work consisted mainly of data collection at a few spring and river sites at intermittent intervals with the exception of a statewide groundwater study made during 1910-12 (Matson and Sanford, 1913). Since 1930, when an office was established for surface-water studies and in 1938 for ground-water studies in Florida, practically all of the water resources investigations made by the U.S. Geological Survey have been in cooperation with state and local agencies. The bibliographic list of publications which follows is arranged alphabetically by senior author. The publications are also indexed by geographic area and by subject. Only one line is used for each publication in the indexes; thus the complete reference is given only in the bibliographic list.

Florida↗
USGS1981

Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas; fiscal years 1979 and 1980

Activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas include the systematic collection and analysis of data to describe the framework of hydrologic systems, assess the water resources, define existing or potential problems in the quantity or quality of water, and provide information for optimum development and management of resources. Streamflow studies are made to determine availability of supplies and relations to rainfall runoff, urbanization, flood frequencies, and sediment-transport. Ground-water studies are made to determine the quantity of supplies available in aquifer systems, the effects of natural or artificial contamination, and the effects of withdrawals by irrigation, industrial, and municipal supplies. Water-quality studies are made to define physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in streams and principal aquifers, and to evaluate the chemical changes due to urbanization and surface mining.

Kansas↗
USGS1981

Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri, fiscal year 1981

Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri consist of collecting hydrologic data and making interpretative investigations. The data and the results of the investigations are published or released by either the U.S. Geological Survey or by cooperating agencies. This report describes the data-collection activities and investigations in Missouri for the 1981 fiscal year and provides an extensive list of water-resources references for the State of Missouri.

Missouri↗
USGS1983

Water resources of the Zuni Tribal Lands, McKinley and Cibola counties, New Mexico

An evaluation of the water resources of the Zuni Tribal lands in west-central New Mexico was made to determine the yield, variability, and quality of water available to the Pueblo of Zuni. This study is needed to aid in orderly development of these resources. Rocks of Permian to Quaternary age supply stock, irrigation, and domestic water to the Zuni Indians. The Glorieta Sandstone and San Andres Limestone (Glorieta-San Andres aquifer) of Permian age and sandstones in the Chinle Formation of Triassic age provide most of this water supply. Water in the Glorieta-San Andres aquifer is confined by minimal-permeability shales and is transmitted through the aquifer along interconnected solution channels and fractures. Water-level and water-quality information indicate greater hydraulic conductivities along the southern boundaries of Zuni Tribal lands. Well yields from the Glorieta-San Andres aquifer are as much as 150 gallons per minute and aquifer transmissivity ranges from 30 to 1,400 feet squared per day. Long-term, water-level declines of as much as 29 feet have been measured near pumping centers at Black Rock. Multiple-well aquifer tests are needed to further define aquifer properties (storage, transmissivity, and leakage from confining units) and the effects of well design on well yields. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from the aquifer ranged from 331 to 1,068 milligrams per liter. Calcium and sulfate are the predominant ions. Water in sandstones of the Chinle Formation is confined by adjacent shales and is transmitted along interconnected fractures. Well yields range from 5 to 125 gallons per minute and aquifer transmissivity ranges from 40 to 1,400 feet squared per day. Water-level declines of as much as 27 feet have been measured near Zuni Village. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from the aquifer ranged from 215 to 1,980 milligrams per liter. Sodium and bicarbonate are the predominant ions. Other sources of ground water are used primarily for livestock watering by means of windmills, with the exception of buried alluvial channel deposits along the Rio Pescado. These deposits provide domestic and irrigation water through springs and wells to Pescado and Black Rock. The Bidahochi Formation of Miocene and Pliocene age could potentially provide an additional supply of water chemically suitable for most uses. Seismic-reflection techniques are being used to locate buried channels eroded in the rocks underlying the Bidahochi Formation. These buried channels may contain thicker sections of saturated sands and gravels that could be developed for stock and domestic use.

New Mexico↗
USGS1982

Proceedings of the Second Joint Meeting of the U.S.-Japan Conference on Natural Resources (UJNR) Panel on Earthquake Prediction Technology, July 13-17, 1981

The Second Joint Meeting of the UJNR Panel on Earthquake Prediction Technology was held at the U.S. Geological Survey facilities in Menlo Park, California, during the week of July 13, 1981. This panel, which was established in 1978, is the newest of 17 panels under the United States/Japan Cooperative Program in National Resources (UJNR). The UJNR program is based on a 1964 cabinet-level agreement to foster the exchange of scientists, information, equipment, and knowledge between government agencies in Japan and the United States concerned with problems involving natural resources.

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USGS1982

Application of computer graphics to generate coal resources of the Cache coal bed, Recluse geologic model area, Campbell County, Wyoming

Low-sulfur subbituminous coal resources have been calculated, using both manual and computer methods, for the Cache coal bed in the Recluse Model Area, which covers the White Tail Butte, Pitch Draw, Recluse, and Homestead Draw SW 7 1/2 minute quadrangles, Campbell County, Wyoming. Approximately 275 coal thickness measurements obtained from drill hole data are evenly distributed throughout the area. The Cache coal and associated beds are in the Paleocene Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation. The depth from the surface to the Cache bed ranges from 269 to 1,257 feet. The thickness of the coal is as much as 31 feet, but in places the Cache coal bed is absent. Comparisons between hand-drawn and computer-generated isopach maps show minimal differences. Total coal resources calculated by computer show the bed to contain 2,316 million short tons or about 6.7 percent more than the hand-calculated figure of 2,160 million short tons.

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USGS1982

Sketch maps, sections and laboratory analyses of peat resources in deposits in and near Piscataquis and Somerset counties and northeastern Aroostook County, Maine

Peat deposits in and near Piscataquis and Somerset Counties and northeastern Aroostook County, Maine, were investigated for their estimated potential as peat resources suitable for energy, horticultural, and agricultural uses. Fifty sketch maps with sections and laboratory analyses illustrate the amount and quality of peat resources. The total yield of commercial quality peat is estimated at 23,670,000 short tons air-dried peat.

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USGS1983

Water resources of the Tulalip Indian Reservation, Washington

Water will play a significant role in the future development of the Tulalip Indian Reservation. Ground-water resources are sufficient to supply several times the 1978 population. Potential problems associated with increased ground-water development are saltwater encroachment in the coastal areas and septic-tank contamination of shallow aquifers. There are sufficient good-quality surface-water resources to allow for significant expansion of the tribe)s fisheries activities. The tribal well field is the only place where the ground-water system has been stressed) resulting in declining water levels (1,5 feet per year), The well field has a useful life of at least 1.5-20 years, This can be increased by drilling additional wells to expand the present well field, Inflow of water to the reservation is in the form of precipitation (103 cubic feet per second) ft3/s)) surface-water inflow (13 ft3/s)) and ground-water inflow (4 ft3/s), Outflow is as evapotranspiration (62 ft3/s)) surface-water outflow (40 ft3/s)) and ground-water outflow (18 ft3/s), Total inflow and outflow are equal (120 ft3/s). Ground water is generally suitable for domestic use without treatment) but a serious quality problem is the presence of coliform bacteria in some shallow wells, High values of turbidity and color and large concentrations of iron and manganese are common problems regarding the esthetic quality of the water, In a few places, large concentrations of chloride and dissolved solids indicate the possibility of saltwater encroachment, but no ongoing trend has been identified, Surface waters have been observed to contain undesirably high concentrations of total phosphorus and total and fecal-coliform bacteria) and to have temperatures too high for fish-rearing. The concentration of nutrients appears to be related to flow conditions. Nitrate and total nitrogen are greater in wet-season runoff than during low-flow periods) and total phosphorus shows an inverse relationship. Total phosphorus and ammonia concentrations are greatest in dry-season storm runoff. Generally) surface-water quality is adequate for fish-rearing and (with treatment) for public supply,

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USGS1982

Assessment of the petroleum, coal, and geothermal resources of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region

Approximately 85 percent of the land area of the ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) region is covered by basement rocks (igneous and highly metamorphosed rocks) or relatively thin layers of Paleozoic, Upper Precambrian, and 'Continental Intercalaire? sedimentary rocks. These areas have little or no petroleum potential. Areas of the ECOWAS region that have potential for petroleum production or potential for increased petroleum production include the narrow belt of sedimentary rocks that stretches along the continental margin from Mauritania to Nigeria and the Niger Delta and the Benue depression. The Senegal Basin, located on the continental margin of Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, and Guinea, has been intensely explored by the oil industry and most of the larger structures onshore and on the shelf probably have been tested by drilling with little or no resulting commercial production. Unless basic ideas pertaining to the petroleum geology of the Senegal Basin are revised, future discoveries are expected to be limited to small fields overlooked by industry at a time when petroleum prices were low. On the continental shelf of Sierra Leone and the continental shelf of northeast and central Liberia, the sedimentary rocks are relatively thin, and industry has shown little interest in the area. On the continental rise of these countries, however, the sedimentary section, deposited in a complex fault-block system, increases in thickness. A renewal of industry interest in this deep-water area will probably follow further development of deep-water production technology. A recent oil discovery on the continental slope off the Ivory Coast is expected to spur further exploration offshore of southeastern Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, and Benin. This relatively unexplored area in the Gulf of Guinea has good possibilities .for the discovery of giant oil fields. Nigeria's oil development from the Niger Delta may have peaked, as 13 of 14 giant oil fields were discovered prior to 1969 and the greatest number of fields were discovered in the period 1965 through 1967. Like delta regions in other parts of the world, individual oil fields of the Niger Delta are small to medium by world standards and future discoveries, therefore, are likely to reflect this reality. The natural gas resources of the Niger Delta, unlike its oil resources, are comparatively underdeveloped. Parts of the Benue depression in Nigeria and Niger could contain significant deposits of petroleum. The lower Benue depression, immediately north of the Niger Delta, has been extensively explored by drilling. Except for noncommercial discoveries of oil and gas and traces of oil and gas on the ground surface, the results of exploration in the lower Benue depression were negative. However, in the Lake Chad area of Chad and in southern Chad near the Central African Republic boundary, oil and gas discoveries were made just prior to the cessation of all drilling and exploration activity in early 1979. It is rumored that these discoveries may be large although little information is available. The relation between the two areas in Chad and their overall relation to the Benue depression is poorly understood; however, the possibility of thick sedimentary sections containing Cretaceous marine source rock and Tertiary reservoir beds-all contained within grabens in a highly faulted failed-arm system subjected to high heat flow--is attractive. Of the ECOWAS countries, only Nigeria and Niger produce coal commercially. Nigeria produces subbituminous coal from Paleocene-Maestrichtian and Maestrichtian (Late Cretaceous) age rocks of the Niger Delta region; reserves are estimated, on the basis of extensive drilling, to be 350 million tons (standard coal equivalent). In addition, lignite deposits of the Niger Delta appear to be large but have not been developed. Niger produces small amounts of coal used locally by uranium mine and mill operations from C

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USGS1982

Arizona Vegetation Resource Inventory (AVRI) accuracy assessment

A quantitative accuracy assessment was performed for the vegetation classification map produced as part of the Arizona Vegetation Resource Inventory (AVRI) project. This project was a cooperative effort between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center. The objective of the accuracy assessment was to estimate (with a precision of ?10 percent at the 90 percent confidence level) the comission error in each of the eight level II hierarchical vegetation cover types. A stratified two-phase (double) cluster sample was used. Phase I consisted of 160 photointerpreted plots representing clusters of Landsat pixels, and phase II consisted of ground data collection at 80 of the phase I cluster sites. Ground data were used to refine the phase I error estimates by means of a linear regression model. The classified image was stratified by assigning each 15-pixel cluster to the stratum corresponding to the dominant cover type within each cluster. This method is known as stratified plurality sampling. Overall error was estimated to be 36 percent with a standard error of 2 percent. Estimated error for individual vegetation classes ranged from a low of 10 percent ?6 percent for evergreen woodland to 81 percent ?7 percent for cropland and pasture. Total cost of the accuracy assessment was $106,950 for the one-million-hectare study area. The combination of the stratified plurality sampling (SPS) method of sample allocation with double sampling provided the desired estimates within the required precision levels. The overall accuracy results confirmed that highly accurate digital classification of vegetation is difficult to perform in semiarid environments, due largely to the sparse vegetation cover. Nevertheless, these techniques show promise for providing more accurate information than is presently available for many BLM-administered lands.

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USGS1983

Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in the Souris-Red Rivers basin in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota

Information obtained on water resources by Federal and State agencies in the Souris-Red Rivers basin along the Canadian border in the midwestern United States is available for analysis to address flood, drought, and supply problems. It consists of streamflows, ground water measurements, and quality of water determinations. This summary contains locations of data sites; lists of current and past studies with titles, objectives, locations, and dates; and available water resources reports. Listed are 46 projects and investigations; 233 active and 145 inactive streamflow gages; 198 active and 252 inactive surface water quality sites; 457 active and 49 inactive ground water level observation wells, some of which are water quality sampling sites; and 252 reports. Four maps are included as an aid in locating the sites.

Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota↗
USGS1983

Water-resources investigations in North Dakota; fiscal year 1983

All ongoing water resources projects in North Dakota in fiscal year 1983, are listed. The report was prepared to inform interested federal, State, and local agencies and private individuals of the activities of the Water Resources Division in the State. Information on each project includes objectives, approach, progress in 1982, plans for 1983, completed and planned report products, and the name of the project chief. (USGS)

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USGS1983

Water resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri, fiscal year 1983

Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri consist of collecting hydrologic data and making interpretive investigations. These data and the results of the investigations are published or released by either the U.S. Geological Survey or by cooperating agencies. This report describes the data-collection activities and investigations in Missouri for the 1983 fiscal year and provides an extensive list of water-resources references for the State of Missouri. (USGS)

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USGS1983

The mineral resource potential of the Harrat Nawasif, sheet 21/42 C, Ranyah, sheet 21/42 D, and Jabal Dalfa, sheet 21/43 C quadrangles, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Areas with mineral resource potential in the Harrat Nawasif, Ranyah, and Jabal Dalfa quadrangles in the central Precambrian Shield of Saudi Arabia have been identified by reconnaissance rock geochemistry and inspection of ancient prospects. Locally anomalous areas in perthitic, alkalic granite terrane in the Ranyah quadrangle possibly contain niobium, zirconium, thorium, fluorite, rare-earth, tin, molybdenum, or copper mineralization. The reconnaissance rock geochemical survey in layered volcanic and volcaniclastic terrane in the Jabal Dalfa quadrangle identified a zinc anomaly in quartzite and a nickel-copper zone that is an extension of the Jabal Judayr prospect, where a low-grade, nickel-copper sulfide deposit is known. The Precambrian terrane in the Harrat Nawasif quadrangle has no known mineral resource potential.

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USGS1983

The international phosphate resource data base; development and maintenance

The IPRDB (International Phosphate Resource Data Base) was developed to provide a single computerized source of geologic information about phosphate deposits worldwide. It is expected that this data base will encourage more thorough scientific analyses of phosphate deposits and assessments of undiscovered phosphate resources, and that methods of data collection and storage will be streamlined. Because the database was intended to serve as a repository for diverse and detailed data, a large amount of the early research effort was devoted to the design and development of the system. To date (1982), the file remains incomplete. All development work and file maintenance work on IPRDB was suspended as of October 1, 1982; this paper is intended to document the steps taken up to that date. The computer programs listed in the appendices were written specifically for the IPRDB phosbib file and are of limited future use.

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