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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
USGS2000

Hydrogeology and hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States

Severe and prolonged droughts between 1961 and 1988, combined with increased demands for freshwater supplies in the United States, have resulted in a critical need to assess the potential for development of ground- and surface-water supplies. Rapid industrial growth and urban expansion have caused existing freshwater supplies to be used at or near maximum capacity. Begun in 1978, the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a systematic effort to study a number of the Nation's most important aquifer systems, which, in aggregate, underlie much of the country and represent an important component of the Nation's total water supply. The broad objective for each of the 28 studies in the program is to assemble geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information, to analyze and develop an understanding of the system, and to develop predictive capabilities that will contribute to the effective management of the system. In 1988, as part of the RASA Program, the USGS began a 6-year study of the ground-water resources of parts of 11 States in the Eastern United States (Swain and others, 1991). The study was designated the Appalachian Valley and Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (APRASA). The APRASA team investigated ground-water resources primarily in the unglaciated part of the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the New England, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces (fig. 1). For the purposes of this report, the small area in the New England Physiographic Province that is within the study area in New Jersey and Pennsylvania was considered part of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The results of the APRASA are contained in about 50 reports and abstracts, including reports on simulation of ground-water flow in three type areas, this atlas, and chapters in Professional Paper 1422. These chapters include the summary (Chapter A), descriptions of recharge rates and surface- and ground-water relations (Chapter B), hydrogeologic terranes in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province (Chapter C), and ground-water geochemistry (Chapter D). The purposes of this atlas are to summarize the hydrogeology, to describe an analysis of maps and well records, and to present a classification and map of the hydrogeologic terranes of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces within the APRASA study area. Hydrogeologic terranes are defined for this atlas as regionally mappable areas characterized by similar water-yielding properties of a grouping of selected rock types. The hydrogeologic terranes represent areas of distinct hydrologic character. The terranes are intended to help water users locate and develop adequate water supplies and to help hydrologists interpret the regional hydrogeology. Previous investigations provide maps and descriptions of the geologic units, describe the local quantity and quality of ground water within these units, and establish the statistical methods for comparing the water-yielding properties of these units. State geologic maps show the distribution of geologic units at a scale of 1:500,000 for Alabama (Osborne and others, 1989), Georgia (Lawton and others, 1976), North Carolina (Brown and Parker, 1985), and Virginia (Calver and Hobbs, 1963). State maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:250,000 for Maryland (Cleaves and others, 1968), New Jersey (Lewis and Kummel, 1912), Pennsylvania (Berg and others, 1980), South Carolina (Overstreet and Bell, 1965), Tennessee (Hardeman, 1966), and West Virginia (Cardwell and others, 1968). Quadrangle geologic maps show geologic units at a scale of 1:24,000 for parts of Delaware within the APRASA area (Woodruff and Thompson, 1972, 1975). Many reports have been published describing the groundwater resources of a county, parts of a county, multi-county areas, or river basins. The statistical methods used in this atlas are based largely on those used by Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and by Knopman (1990, p. 7-9). In her analysis of well records in the USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory (GWSI) data base, Knopman (1990) ranked factors that must be taken into account when assessing the water-yielding potential of the rocks in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces in Pennsylvania. Readers are referred to Helsel and Hirsch (1992) and Knopman (1990) for details regarding statistical methods.

Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, ↗
USGS1994

Flood magnitude and frequency of Chandlers Run at two sites, at Pennsauken Township, New Jersey

Six methods were used to estimate the magnitude and frequency of floods at Chandlers Run at the culvert on New Jersey Route 612, and at a second site about 2,100 feet upstream, at New Jersey Route 70 at Pennsauken Township, New Jersey. Flood magnitude and frequency calculated by the six methods, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimates for the culvert site on Route 612 range from 268 cubic feet per second to 2,050 cubic feet per second. The 100-year-flood estimates for the upstream site at Route 70 range from 246 cubic feet per second to 2,320 cubic feet per second. Flood magnitude and frequency estimates obtained by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method and other pre- viously published estimates fall within the range of values estimated by using the U.S. Geological Survey transfer method with data collected from three nearby crest-stage gages.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1995

Surficial aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: Significance to resource management

An understanding of the interaction between human activities and the Nation's surficial (water-table) aquifers is critical to maintaining the quantity and quality of our water resources and the health of the ecosystems they support. In recognition of the importance of these aquifers, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is developing a program to study the surficial aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain.

New Jersey↗
USGS1981

Geology and potential hazards of the continental slope between Lindenkohl and South Toms Canyons, offshore mid-Atlantic United States

Because sediment instability, or slumping, has been identified as a potential hazard to petroleum development of the east-coast Continental Slope, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, began a detailed study of a segment of the Continental Slope between Lindenkohl and South Toms Canyons off New Jersey. This 40-km x 35-km area was chosen for study because it lies within the area of high interest for petroleum development (Lease sales 49 and 59), and because it includes several wells which provide stratigraphic control. This report discusses the results of geologic mapping, using seismic-reflection data acquired in 1978 and 1979. Some initial results from more recently acquired data are included. The Continental Slope in the study area has a complex surface with ridges, canyons, and valleys. Three slump or slide features were observed in the heads and on the walls of canyons and valleys, and two slides were identified on an intercanyon area. The identified slumps or slides are found in Quaternary sediments and total about 1.3 percent of the Continental Slope area mapped. The slope is generally mantled by less than 2 m of Holocene sediments. Pleistocene sediment (primarily silty clay) is about 450 m thick at the top of the slope and thins to nearly zero or is absent on much of the mid and lower slope, where sediments of Miocene to Eocene age are exposed. Ridges on the midslope (water depths of 800-1,500 m) and parts of the lowr slope (1,500-2,150 m) result primarily from Pleistocene and older deposition. The intervening valleys show evidence of erosion along the deepest parts of their courses. Mid-range sidescan-sonar data show evidence that processes of bottom-current erosion and downcanyon transport of material may be active in the present day. However, major features of the sea floor appear to be unchanged since late-Pleistocene time.

Lindenkohl and South Toms Canyons↗
USGS2005

Evidence of cold climate slope processes from the New Jersey Coastal Plain: Debris flow stratigraphy at Haines Corner, Camden County, New Jersey

Excavations through surficial deposits across the New Jersey Coastal Plain commonly reveal homogenized surficial sediments, deformed sedimentary structures, chaotically rearranged bed-forms, and wedge-shaped cracks filled with sand from the top-most layers of extant soil profiles. As a whole, these abundant, broadly distributed phenomena are best explained as artifacts of an era of frozen ground during the last Pleistocene glacial maximum. Vigorous freeze-thaw processes and abundant seasonal rainfall created a landscape of low relief covered by highly mobile surficial deposits. The surficial deposits are at grade into broad, flat bottomed valleys now drained by small, tightly meandering, under-fit streams. Modern fluvial, aeolian, and slope processes are ineffectual in either creating or modifying these landscapes. One particularly brief exposure of complex slope deposits was documented at Haines Corner, Camden County, during the field work (1986) for the Surficial Geologic Map of southern and central New Jersey. The exposure, now presented and interpreted here, provides previously unavailable details of a system of freeze-thaw driven processes that unfolded upon a frozen, impermeable substrate 80 miles south of the southern margin of the Wisconsinan glacial advance to Long Island, N.Y. At the time of these extreme processes, the presently sub-aerial New Jersey Coastal Plain was not proximal to moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, being about 100 miles inland and 300 feet above the lowered sea level. Current studies of analogous deposits across the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain now benefit from dating techniques that were not available during the geologic mapping field work (1985-'92). During the mapping in New Jersey, hundreds of exposures failed to produce datable carbon remains within the stratigraphy of the surficial deposits. Recently reported TL dates from wind-blown sand filling frost wedges, exposed elsewhere in New Jersey, indicate that the widely distributed surficial deposits of the New Jersey Coastal Plain were active during the maximum cold period of the late Pleistocene (around 18,000 years ago).

New Jersey↗
USGS2025

Geologic framework and Holocene sand thickness offshore of Seven Mile Island, New Jersey

The U.S. Geological Survey assessed the Quaternary evolution of Seven Mile Island, New Jersey, to quantify coastal sediment availability, which is crucial for establishing sediment budgets, understanding sediment dispersal, and managing coastlines. This report presents preliminary interpretations of seismic profiles, maps of Holocene sand thickness from the shoreline to 2 kilometers offshore, and tables quantifying the volume of available sediment along the coastal margin based on data collected during 2021 and 2022. The results reveal spatial variability in the thickness and cross-shore extent of Holocene sand. The study area was separated into northern, central, and southern zones by using underlying stratigraphy and geomorphic features. The characteristics and spatial extent of the Holocene sand deposit indicate that hydrodynamic processes contribute to its spatial variability. Northern Seven Mile Island contains the thickest deposits of Holocene sand that were formed by sediment bypass around the Townsends Inlet ebb-tidal delta. Specifically, swash bars have welded to the updrift end of Seven Mile Island and have formed thick deposits of Holocene sand that thicken landward and taper seaward. Despite their thickness, these deposits have the smallest cross-shore extent; therefore, northern Seven Mile Island has the smallest volume of Holocene sand of the three geomorphic zones. Central Seven Mile Island has the thinnest Holocene sand deposits because this section of the barrier island is outside the influence of ebb-tidal deltas. Southern Seven Mile Island has the greatest volumes of Holocene sand because of increased accommodation and deposition adjacent to the Hereford Inlet ebb-tidal delta. Even though tidal inlets exert variable influence on the three geomorphic zones, sediment is distributed fairly uniformly within each geomorphic zone; each of the three zones contains 31.05–36.48 percent of the volume of available Holocene sand.

New Jersey↗
USGS1960

Factual data for public-supply wells and selected irrigation wells in Monmouth County, New Jersey

The investigation of the ground-water resources of Monmouth County is part of a Statewide water-resources program. This study was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the new Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply. It was under the general direction of Philip E. LaMoreaux, Chief of the Ground Water Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey, and under the direct supervision of Allen Sinnott, District Geologist. This report presents data for most of the public-supply wells and for several irrigation wells in Monmouth County. The data for these wells are believed to be representative of large-capacity wells tapping the major aquifers present in the county. The information is released at this time in advance of an interpretive report because of its value to prospective users of ground water in Monmouth County. An earlier report presented data on small-capacity wells tapping both major and minor aquifers in the county. The data in these two reports form, in part, the basis for a comprehensive interpretive report on the ground-water resources of Monmouth County, now in preparation. Also to be included in the latter report are data for certain large-capacity industrial wells.

New Jersey↗
USGS1992

Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data

Water resources data for the 1991 water year for New Jersey consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This volume of the report contains discharge records for 95 gaging stations; tide summaries for 4 stations; stage and contents for 33 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 101 surface-water sites. Also included are data for 67 crest-stage partial-record stations, 13 tidal crest-stage gages, and 91 low-flow partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 11 and 12. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 57 measuring sites and 13 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.

New Jersey↗
USGS1993

Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data

Water resources data for the 1992 water year for New Jersey consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This volume of the report contains discharge records for 99 gaging stations; tide summaries for 2 stations; stage and contents for 37 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 95 surface-water sites. Also included are data for 65 crest-stage partial-record stations, 13 tidal crest-stage gages, and 94 low-flow partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 11 and 12. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 42 measuring sites and 9 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.

New Jersey↗