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Search indexed USGS publications on groundwater, aquifers, geologic maps, mineral resources and earthquakes. Explore source records by subject and place.

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
USGS2012

Seismic refraction analysis: the path forward

Seismic Refraction Methods: Unleashing the Potential and Understanding the Limitations; Tucson, Arizona, 29 March 2012 A workshop focused on seismic refraction methods took place on 29 May 2012, associated with the 2012 Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. This workshop was convened to assess the current state of the science and discuss paths forward, with a primary focus on near-surface problems but with an eye on all applications. The agenda included talks on these topics from a number of experts interspersed with discussion and a dedicated discussion period to finish the day. Discussion proved lively at times, and workshop participants delved into many topics central to seismic refraction work.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2012

The 2011 Virginia earthquake: what are scientists learning?

Nearly 1 year ago, on 23 August, tens of millions of people in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada were startled in the middle of their workday (1:51 P.M. local time) by the sudden onset of moderate to strong ground shaking from a rare magnitude (M) 5.8 earthquake in central Virginia. Treating the shaking as if it were a fire drill, millions of workers in Washington, D. C., New York City, and other eastern cities hurriedly exited their buildings, exposing themselves to potentially greater danger from falling bricks and glass; “drop, cover, and hold” would have been a better response. Fortunately, the strong shaking stopped after about 5 seconds and did not cause widespread severe damage or serious injuries.

Virginia↗
USGS2012

Interdisciplinary research produces results in understanding planetary dunes

Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop: Remote Sensing and Image Analysis of Planetary Dunes; Flagstaff, Arizona, 12–16 June 2012. This workshop, the third in a biennial series, was convened as a means of bringing together terrestrial and planetary researchers from diverse backgrounds with the goal of fostering collaborative interdisciplinary research. The small-group setting facilitated intensive discussions of many problems associated with aeolian processes on Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan, Triton, and Pluto. The workshop produced a list of key scientifc questions about planetary dune felds.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2012

New AGU scientific integrity and professional ethics policy available for review

The AGU Task Force on Scientific Ethics welcomes your review and comments on AGU's new Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy. The policy has at its heart a code of conduct adopted from the internationally accepted "Singapore Statement," originally created by the Second World Conference on Research Integrity (http://www.singaporestatement.org/), held in 2010. The new policy also encompasses professional and publishing ethics, providing a single source of guidance to AGU members, officers, authors, and editors

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2012

River turbidity and sediment loads during dam removal

Dam decommissioning has become an important means for removing unsafe or obsolete dams and for restoring natural fluvial processes, including discharge regimes, sediment transport, and ecosystem connectivity [Doyle et al., 2003]. The largest dam-removal project in history began in September 2011 on the Elwha River of Washington State (Figure 1a). The project, which aims to restore the river ecosystem and increase imperiled salmon populations that once thrived there, provides a unique opportunity to better understand the implications of large-scale river restoration.

Washington↗
USGS2012

A meeting of the waters: interdisciplinary challenges and opportunities in tidal rivers

At the interface of estuarine tides and freshwater rivers lie wetland and aquatic ecosystems, which experience dramatic effects of sea level rise. There, nontidal channels and riparian floodplains are transforming into tidal ecosystems, and tidal freshwater ecosystems are receiving increasing salinity. These river-floodplain systems have both fluvial characteristics, including meandering channels and expansive floodplain forests, and estuarine characteristics, including tides and intertidal wetlands [see Barendregt et al., 2009; Conner et al., 2007, and references therein]. Because tidal rivers lie at the disciplinary divide between fluvial and estuarine science, a knowledge gap has developed in scientists' understanding of the geomorphic and biogeochemical response of these environments to sea level rise, climate change, and anthropogenically driven variations in watershed exports.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2012

Progress on archiving, delivering, and working with planetary data

Planetary Data: A Workshop for Users and Software Developers 2012; Flagstaff, Ariz., 25–29 June 2012 The recent boom in the volume of data returned by planetary science missions continues to delight and confound users. Recently the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) has seen an approximately 50‐fold increase in the amount of archived data and now serves nearly half a petabyte. Within 5 years, this volume likely will approach 1 petabyte. While archivists, users, and developers have done a creditable job of providing search and download functions and analysis and visualization tools, the wealth of data necessitates more discussion between users and developers about current limitations and desired improvements.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2012

Expanded stream gauging includes groundwater data and trends

Population growth has increased water scarcity to the point that documenting current amounts of worldwide water resources is now as critical as any data collection in the Earth sciences. As a key element of this data collection, stream gauges yield continuous hydrologic information and document long-term trends, recording high-frequency hydrologic information over decadal to centennial time frames.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2012

John B. "Jack" Townshend (1927-2012)

Jack Townshend, geophysicist and dedicated public servant, died on 13 August 2012 in Fairbanks, Alaska. He was 85. Jack's career with the federal government, most of it with the national magnetic observatory program, spanned more than six solar cycles of time, and he retired only days before his death. The duration of Jack's career encompassed an important period in the history of the advancement of our understanding of the Earth. Jack's career of contributions, his life, and his personality are worthy of retrospective celebration.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2017

Defining opportunities for collaboration across data life cycles

Monitoring natural resources - water, forests, and animal populations—is required to support effective management of natural resources. However, because monitoring activities are often specific to a discipline, issue, or agency, it is typically difficult to integrate data to answer questions that transcend geopolitical and jurisdictional boundaries. How do we reach the better data integration we need?

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2019

Better approaches to managing drought in the American Southwest

The second in a series of USGS Southwest Region (SWR) “Science Exchange” annual workshops, focused on USGS drought science. The participants considered how extreme drought conditions are evolving in much of the American southwest, with an emphasis on integrated drought science planning at the USGS bureau and program levels. The increased need for interdisciplinary science to support resource-management decisions systems, was highlighted. The workshop brought together scientists and program managers from USGS with Bureau of Land Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Bureau of Reclamation and state water management departments. Key objectives of the workshop were to improve awareness of ongoing drought-science work within the region, highlight the capabilities of USGS-SWR science centers in drought science, and build new relationships to advance best approaches in drought science. Topics covered in presentations and demonstrations were broad-ranging and included monitoring for drought early warning; water use and water production associated with petroleum production; paleo perspectives on drought, and ecological consequences of drought to native fish.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2025

Submarine avalanche deposits hold clues to past earthquakes

Earthquakes and other natural events sometimes shake the seafloor near coastlines severely enough to cause underwater avalanches that rush down steep slopes, scouring the seabed and carrying sediment to greater depths. These fast-moving sediment-laden flows, called turbidity currents , have at times damaged underwater infrastructure like pipelines and communications cables, as they did, for example, in snapping transatlantic cables off the coast of Newfoundland after the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake.

EOS Transactions↗
USGS2011

The case for planetary sample return missions

The essential role of planetary sample studies in exploration of the solar system has been well established “Drake et al., 1987”. As part of the larger pursuit of comparative planetology, samples of other rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars), planetary satellites, asteroids, and comets should reveal much about the materials and processes that formed Earth. In that context, Mars is an especially appealing sample target because of its distinctive, Earth‐like characteristics. Here, we review the scientific objectives and justifications for collecting documented samples of Mars and returning them to Earth for laboratory study. A Mars sample‐return mission will be technologically challenging but represents the only way to acquire definitive knowledge about formation of the planet, its geologic and climatic history, and its potential as a haven of life.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2011

Shaded relief map of US topography from digital elevations

Much geologic and geophysical information that lies encoded within land surface form can be revealed by image processing large files of digitized elevations in fast machines and mapping the results. This convergence of computers, analytic software, data, and output devices has created exciting opportunities for automating the numerical and spatial study of topography. One recent result is the accompanying shaded relief map of the conterminous 48 states. A shaded relief image of topography mimics a cloud-free monochrome aerial photograph taken at low Sun. Gray tones represent different terrain slopes and azimuths calculated from adjacent elevations stored in a uniform grid, or digital elevation model (DEM). Sun elevation and direction can be varied to generate complementary views of the same area. The synoptic coverage of these computer images is a major advantage; unlike a photograph, image extent is limited only by size of the elevation array. Shaded relief maps also are free of the distortion found in radar images and of the vegetation and cultural features that mask topographic form on Landsat and SPOT images.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2006

National workshop on gas hydrates

The range of present knowledge on the subject of gas hydrates and related federal research programs was the topic of discussion at the National Workshop on Gas Hydrates, April 23–24. The intention of the meeting was to provide the impetus for an expanded and broader‐based national research program in both academia and government. Held at the U.S. Geological Survey National Center, Reston, Va., the workshop was organized by Michael D. Max, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.; William P. Dillon, USGS, Woods Hole, Mass.; and Rodney D. Malone, U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, Morgantown, W.Va. The 33 attendees represented academia (33%), federal agencies (58%), and industry (9%).

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2006

The Pu'u ‘O’o‐Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea

Kilauea is nearing the 10th year of its most voluminous rift zone eruption in the last 2 centuries. Lava flows have covered 75 km 2 to depths as great as 25 m and have added almost 1.2 km 2 of new land to the island. These flows have devastated downslope communities and have provided a painful tutorial for local government in planning for and living with volcanic hazards [ Heliker and Wright , 1991]. At the same time, the accessibility and longevity of this eruption have provided a unique opportunity for quantitative studies requiring long‐term observations. This article briefly summarizes these studies, which are directed at a better understanding of eruption mechanics, lava‐flow field emplacement, and the plumbing system of Kilauea.

Hawaii↗
USGS2006

Mini-Sosie high-resolution seismic method aids hazards studies

A dramatic example of just how catastrophic earthquake damage can be occurred in 1989, when a nationally televised World Series game in San Francisco was preempted by the M 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. The surprising amount and distribution of damage reinforce the importance of seismic-hazard studies in urban areas, where potential for damage and loss of life is greatest. Unfortunately, many large urban centers developed before the advent of seismic-hazard microzonation mapping, ground-response building codes, and standardized air-photo reconnaissance. Decades of building, paving, and utility installation have modified the land surface to the extent that surficial geologic expression of faults and evidence of prehistoric earthquakes are either inaccessible or totally obliterated.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗