Development of irrigation in the Central Valley of California
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The Denver ground-water basin underlies a 6,700-square-mile area extending from Greeley in the north to Colorado Springs in the south, and from the Front Range in the west to near Limon in the east. The four major bedrock aquifers that occur in the basin are the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer (the deepest aquifer), the Arapahoe aquifer, the Denver aquifer, and the Dawson aquifer (the uppermost aquifer). The Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer, which is the subject of this report, underlies the entire area of the basin in east-central Colorado (index map, fig. 1) and is an important source of water for residents in the northern Denver suburban area and in the rural areas of eastern Jefferson, Arapahoe, and Elbert Counties, Adams County, and southern Weld and El Paso Counties. About 90 percent of the estimated 1,700 wells completed in the aquifer supply water to residents and livestock. The remaining wells supply water for commercial and industrial use and limited irrigation of commercial crops.
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The Kickapoo River valley in southwestern Wisconsin had a devastating flood ($10 million estimated damages) during July 1-5, 1978. The flash flooding was caused by intense storms on June 30 through July 2. Total rainfall accumulation ranged from 5.8 inches near Ontario to 9.5 inches at La Farge. The resulting flood equaled or exceeded the largest ones recorded since the 1850 's and equaled or exceeded the 100-year flood frequency at the U.S. Geological Survey 's streamflow gages at La Farge and Steuben. Elevation and delineation of the flood are shown on photo mosaics developed from black and white aerial photographs. The 100-mile reach from Wauzeka to Wilton is shown. A summary of the storm conditions causing the flood and an analysis of the rainfall totals, as prepared by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, are also included. (USGS)
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In 1978, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a 5-year study of the High Plains regional aquifer to provide: (1) Hydrologic information needed to evaluate the effects of continued ground-water development; and (2) computer models to predict aquifer response to changes in ground-water development. The plan of study for the High Plains Regional Aquifer-System Analysis was described by Weeks (1978). A description of the High Plains aquifer and a map of the 1978 water table were presented by Gutentag and Weeks (1980). Maps of the bedrock geology, altitude of aquifer base, and saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer were published by Weeks and Gutentag (1981). Water-level and saturated-thickness changes, from predevelopment to 1980, were mapped by Luckey, Gutentag, and Weeks (1981). This report describes the areal distribution of dissolved solids and sodium in the water of the High Plains aquifer. Data used in this study were provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and State agencies in each of the eight States in the High Plains. Their contribution is an integral part of this investigation.
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