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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
USGS1978

Chemical and physical quality of selected public water supplies in Florida, August-September 1976

Results of a 1976 water-quality reconnaissance made by the U.S. Geological Survey indicated that, with few exceptions, all public water supplies in Florida are of high quality and meet the standards set forth in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Occasionally the concentrations of fluoride, turbidity, cadmium, chromium, and lead approximated, equaled, or exceeded maximum contaminant levels with exceedences occurring very infrequently. The pesticides 2,4-D and silvex, were detected in some public supplies throughout the State mainly in surface water. Although pesticides were not detected in concentrations approaching the maximum levels established in the regulations, their presence does signal that the activities of man are beginning to affect some water resources. (Woodard-USGS)

Florida↗
USGS1978

Availability and quality of ground water in the Lake George area, southeastern Park County, Colorado

Water for domestic use in the Lake George area, Colo., is produced from four aquifers. Two of the aquifers, fractured-cyrstalline and volcanic rocks, have a water table ranging from 10 to 100 feet below land surface and well yields range from 0.08 to 6 gallons per minute. The consolidated sedimentary-rock and unconsolidated-alluvial aquifers have a water table ranging from near land surface to 60 feet below land surface and well yields range from 2 to 50 gallons per minute. The aquifers generally contain calcium bicarbonate water with concentrations of dissolved solids ranging from 101 to 636 milligrams per liter. In some areas, concentrations of iron as much as 18,000 micrograms per liter and concentrations of fluoride as much as 5.6 milligrams per liter affect suitability for domestic use. Chemical degradation of ground water has occurred in 18 of the 35 wells and in the 1 spring that were sampled. Bacterial contamination was found in water from six wells. (Woodard-USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1978

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the Willcox area, Cochise and Graham Counties, Arizona - 1975

The Willcox area includes about 1,500 square miles in southeastern Arizona. The main use of ground water is for irrigation. For 1954-75, the estimated ground-water pumpage exceeded 100,000 acre-feet per year, and for 1967-75, ground-water pumpage averaged about 300,000 acre-feet per year. Ground-water withdrawals have resulted in general water-level declines in most of the developed part of the area. Information shown on the maps includes change in water level (1963-75), irrigated area, depth to water, well depth, altitude of the water level, and distribution of dissolved solids and fluoride. Hydrographs of water levels in selected wells and a table of historical pumpage are included also. (Woodard-USGS)

Arizona↗
USGS1978

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the Yuma area, Yuma County, Arizona, 1975

In the Yuma area, Arizona, ground water is pumped mainly for the drainage of waterlogged land and for irrigation. In 1975 about 255,000 acre-feet of ground water was withdrawn, of which about 158,000 acre-feet was pumped for drainage of waterlogged land. For 1915-75, about 4,568,000 acre-feet was withdrawn, of which 2 ,387,000 acre-feet was pumped for drainage. Information shown on maps includes change in water level (1970-75) and irrigated area; depth to water and altitude of the water level; and specific conductance and fluoride concentration. A table of historical pumpage is included. (Woodard-USGS)

Arizona↗
USGS1979

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the New Driver-Cave Creek area, Maricopa and Yavapai counties, Arizona; 1977

The New River-Cave Creek area includes about 500 square miles in central Arizona. The ground-water conditions vary greatly owing to large differences in rock type and extent of fracturing. Information shown on the maps includes depth to water, altitude of the water level, well depth, and specific conductance and fluoride concentration in the water. Scale 1:125,000. (Woodard-USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1979

Water quality in the proposed Prosperity Reservoir area, Center Creek Basin, Missouri

Water in Center Creek basin, Mo., upstream from the proposed Prosperity Reservoir damsite is a calcium bicarbonate type that is moderately mineralized, hard, and slightly alkaline. Ammonia and organic nitrogen, phosphorus, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and bacteria increased considerably during storm runoff, probably due to livestock wastes. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are probably high enough to cause the proposed lake to be eutrophic. Minor-element concentrations were at or near normal levels in Center and Jones Creeks. The only pesticides detected were 0.01 micrograms per liter of 2, 4, 5-T in one base-flow sample and 0.02 to 0.04 micrograms per liter of 2, 4, 5-T and 2, 4-D in all storm-runoff samples. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus densities ranged from 2 to 650 and 2 to 550 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively, during base flow , but were 17,000 to 45,000 and 27,000 to 70,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively, during storm runoff. Water in Center Creek about 2.5 miles downstream from the proposed damsite is similar in quality to that upstream from the damsite except for higher concentrations of sodium, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These higher concentrations are caused by fertilizer industry wastes that enter Center Creek about 1.0 mile downstream from the proposed damsite. (Woodard-USGS).

Missouri↗
USGS1979

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the lower Santa Cruz area, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa Counties, Arizona, 1977

The lower Santa Cruz area includes about 5,400 square miles in south-central Arizona and is the second largest agricultural area in the State. The area depends mainly on ground water for irrigation, and in 1976 about 966,000 acre-feet of ground water was pumped from the area. As a result of the large-scale long-term withdrawal of ground water, water levels have declined , and the direction of ground-water flow has changed. Since 1923 , declines of nearly 500 feet have occurred near Stanfield. Information shown on the maps (scale 1:125,000) includes depth to water, altitude of the water level, specific conductance, fluoride concentration, change in water level (1923-77), and land use. Hydrographs of the water level in selected wells and a table of historical pumpage also are included.

Arizona↗
USGS1979

Map showing ground-water conditions in the Virgin River, Grand Wash, and Shivwits areas, Mohave County, Arizona, 1976

The Virgin River, Grand Wash, and Shivwits areas include about 3 ,250 square miles in northwestern Arizona. Ground water is obtained mainly from the alluvium, conglomerate, and basalt; however, several other formations yield small amounts of water to some wells. In the Virgin River area, most wells are less than 200 feet deep, water levels range from 17 to 310 feet below the land surface, and well yields range from a few gallons per minute to as much as 2,000 gallons per minute. Springs in the Littlefield area contribute about 70 cubic feet per second of water to the Virgin River. In the Grand Wash area wells are from 35 to 850 feet deep, and water levels range from 5 to 759 feet below the land surface. In the Shivwits area wells are from 10.5 to 300 feet deep, and water levels range from 10 to 256 feet below the land surface. The chemical quality of the water varies with location and aquifer in the report area. Information shown on the map (scale 1:125,000) includes the principal aquifer that furnishes water to wells and springs, depth to water, altitude of the water level, and specific conductance and fluoride concentrations. (Woodard-USGS)

Arizona↗
USGS1979

Drinking-water quality and variations in water levels in the fractured crystalline-rock aquifer, west-central Jefferson County, Colorado

In parts of Jefferson County, CO, water for domestic use from the fractured crystalline-rock aquifer contained excessive concentrations of major ions, coliform bacteria, trace elements, or radiochemicals. Based on results of analyses from 26 wells, water from 21 of the wells contained excessive concentrations of one or more constituents. Drinking water standards were exceeded for fluoride in water from 2 wells, nitrate plus nitrite in 2 wells, dissolved solids in 1 well, iron in 6 wells, manganese in 8 wells, zinc in 2 wells, coliform bacteria in 4 wells, gross alpha radiation in 11 wells and possibly 4 more, and gross beta radiation possibly in 1 well. Local variations in concentrations of 15 chemical constituents, specific conductance, and water temperature were statistically significant. Specific conductance increased significantly during 1973-75 only in the vicinity of Indian Hills. Annual range in depths to water in 11 observation wells varied from 1 to 15 feet. The shallowest water levels were recorded in late winter, usually in February. The deepest water levels occurred during summer or fall, depending on the well and the year. Three-year trends in water level changes in 6 of the 11 wells indicated decreasing water storage in the aquifer. (USGS).

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1980

Quality of ground water in Routt County, northwestern Colorado

Chemical and bacteriological data were collected to describe the quality of water from selected geologic units in Routt County, Colo. Calcium bicarbonate was the dominant water-chemistry type; magnesium, sodium, and sulfate frequently occurred as codominant ions. Specific conductance values ranged from 50 to 6,000 micromhos. Mean values of specific conductance, dissolved solids , and hardness from the sampled aquifers were generally greatest in waters from the older sedimentary rocks of the Lance Formation, Lewis Shale, Mesaverde Group, and Mancos Shale, and least in the ground waters from the alluvial deposits, Browns Park Formation, and the basement complex. Correlations of specific conductance with dissolved solids and specific conductance with hardness were found within specified concentration ranges. On the basis of water-quality analyses, water from the alluvial desposits, Browns Park Formation, and the basement complex generally is the most suitable for domestic uses. Chemical constituents in water from wells or springs exceeded State and Federal standards for public-water supplies or State criteria for agricultural uses were pH, arsenic, boron, chloride, iron, fluoride, manganese, nitrite plus nitrate, selenium, sulfate, or dissolved solids. Total-coliform bacteria were detected in water from 29 sites and fecal-coliform bacteria were detected in water from 6 of the 29 sites. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1982

Hydrology of the Prairie Dog Creek drainage basin, Rosebud and Big Horn Counties, Montana

The Prairie Dog Creek drainage basin in southeastern Montana was in vestigated during 1978-79 to assess the surface-water and ground-water resources and the quality of water in an area having coal-mining potential. The area, a 24.2 - square - mile basin, is located 30 miles southwest of Ash- land, Montana. The principal mineable coal is the 40-to 60-foot-thick Wall and lower Wall coal beds near the middle part of the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene age). Other possibly mineable intervals are the Canyon coal bed lying 200 to 250 feet above the Wall, and the Brews ter-Arnold coal bed lying about 220 feet below the base of the Wall coal beds. The hydrologic regime in the basin is composed of Prairie Dog Creek and sandstone, coal, clinker, and alluvium aquifers. Prairie Dog Creek, which originates from springs and seeps issuing from coal and sandstone layers, maintained perennial flow in its upstream and middle reaches during 1978 and 1979. In its downstream reach, the flow decreased consistently until the channel near the mouth had only standing water or was dry. The dissolved-solids concentration of streamflow during periods of high flow (1 cubic foot per second or more) in the spring months ranged from 700 to about 1,000 milligrams per liter and during periods of lesser flow (0.5 cubic foot per second or less) in the summer ranged from about 1,300 to 1,600 milligrams per liter. Forty-two cased observation wells were used to obtain data on aquifer characteristics and quality of water. Relatively clean (free of silt or mud) sandstone beds have transmissivities of about 15 feet squared per day; the water was a magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate type and dissolved- solids concentrations ranged from about 2,170 to 3,260 milligrams per liter. The Wall coal aquifer has transmissivities ranging from 2.5 to 65 feet squared per day; the water was a sodium sulfate type and dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 1,820 to 4,190 milligrams per liter. The Brewster-Arnold coal aquifer has transmissivities similar to those of the Wall coal but the water was a sodium bicarbonate type; the water contained an excessive concentration of fluoride (more than 10 milligrams per liter) and had a very high sodium - adsorption ratio (more than 60). The alluvial aquifer in the Prairie Dog Creek valley has transmissivities ranging from about 1,000 to 5,000 feet squared per day in the middle reaches and as much as 9,200 feet squared per day near the mouth of the creek. The water quality changed from a magnesium sulfate type in the middle reaches to a sodium sulfate type near the mouth. The dissolved-solids concentration decreased from about 1,700 milligrams per liter in the middle reaches to about 1,100 milligrams per liter near the mouth as inflow of water from clinker and alluvial deposits beneath terraces diluted the alluvial water.

Montana↗
USGS1981

Results of a reconnaissance water-quality sampling program of the Ogallala aquifer in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas

Results of a reconnaissance water-quality sampling program of the Ogallala aquifer indicates the water generally is suitable for most uses. Fluoride and selenium were the only chemical constituents found to exceed the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations in water from some of the wells. Unusually large silica concentrations in many of the water samples probably were due to the presence of amorphous silica in relatively young volcanic-ash deposits present in the aquifer. Because the greatest silica concentrations (as much as 65 milligrams per liter) occurred in the Northern part of the aquifer, the volcanic source was probably from the northwest.

Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota↗
USGS1983

Determination of dissolved aluminum in water samples

A technique has been modified for determination of a wide range of concentrations of dissolved aluminum (Al) in water and has been tested. In this technique, aluminum is complexed with 8-hydroxyquinoline at pH 8.3 to minimize interferences, then extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The extract is analyzed colorimetrically at 395 nm. This technique is used to analyze two forms of monomeric Al, nonlabile (organic complexes) and labile (free, Al, Al sulfate, fluoride and hydroxide complexes). A detection limit 2 ug/L is possible with 25-ml samples and 10-ml extracts. The detection limit can be decreased by increasing the volume of the sample and (or) decreasing the volume of the methyl isobutyl ketone extract. The analytical uncertainty of this method is approximately + or - 5 percent. The standard addition technique provides a recovery test for this technique and ensures precision in samples of low Al concentrations. The average percentage recovery of the added Al plus the amount originally present was 99 percent. Data obtained from analyses of filtered standard solutions indicated that Al is adsorbed on various types of filters. However, the relationship between Al concentrations and adsorption remains linear. A test on standard solutions also indicated that Al is not adsorbed on nitric acid-washed polyethylene and polypropylene bottle wells. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1984

Assessment of water resources at Fort Carson Military Reservation near Colorado Springs, Colorado

The Fort Carson Military Reservation adjoins the rapidly growning Colorado Springs metropolitan area, where locally available water supplies are limited and strictly administered. Fort Carson purchases about 3,400 acre-feet of treated water annually from the city of Colorado Springs. The major streams entering Fort Carson have an estimated average annual discharge of 6,240 acre-feet of water per year upstream from diversions for municipal and domestic water supplies. The streamflow is unevenly distributed in time and consequently not dependable as a large or sole source of water. Ground water is available from alluvial and bedrock aquifers. Wells with yields greater than 100 gallons per minute can be expected from the alluvium along Rock and Little Fountain Creeks and from some parts of the Dakota-Purgatoire aquifer. The quality of surface water entering Fort Carson is generally suitable for irrigation and drinking but deteriorates eastward across Fort Carson. Water from the alluvial aquifer along Rock and Little Fountain Creeks in the eastern part of Fort Carson contains fluoride in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards. Water from the Dakota-Purgatoire aquifer characteristically contains radiochemical constituents in concentrations that exceed drinking-water standards. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1984

Water-quality appraisal, Mammoth Creek and Hot Creek, Mono County, California

A late summer reconnaissance in 1981 and a spring high-flow sampling in 1982 of Mammoth Creek and Hot Creek, located in the Mammoth crest area of the Sierra Nevada, indicated that mineralization, eutrophication, sedimentation, and limited areas of fecal contamination were occurring. Mineralization, indicated by a downstream increase in dissolved-solids concentration, was due primarily to geothermal springs that gradually decreased in the percentage of calcium, increased in the percentage of magnesium and sodium, and caused fluctuating, but overall increasing percentage of fluoride, sulfate, and chloride. Resulting water quality in Mammoth Creek was similar to that of the springs forming Hot Creek. Eutrophication was observed in Twin Lakes and the reach of Hot Creek below the fish hatchery. Twin Lakes had floating mats of algae and a high dissolved-oxygen saturation of 147 percent at a pH of 9.2. Hot Creek had excessive aquatic vascular plant and algae growth, dissolved-oxygen saturations ranging from 65 to 200 percent, algal growth potential of 30 milligrams per liter, and nitrates and phosphates of 0.44 and 0.157 milligrams per liter. Sedimentation was noted in observations of bed-material composition showing the presence of fine material beginning at Sherwin Creek Road. Fecal contamination was indicated by fecal coliform counts of 250 colonies per 100 milliliters and fecal streptococcal counts greater than 1,000 colonies per 100 milliliters. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1986

Geohydrology and potential for artificial recharge in the western part of the U.S. Marine Corps Base, Twentynine Palms, California, 1982-83

A recent gravity survey indicates that sedimentary deposits in the Deadman Lake area of the Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Base, California, are as much as 10,500 feet thick. These deposits fill an ancient valley in the bedrock complex. This valley is alined east-west in the Surprise Spring area and north-south in the Deadman Lake area. Water levels in the Ames Dry Lake area of the Surprise Spring subbasin have changed little between earliest measurements in 1952-53 and in 1982. Water levels in three Marine Corps Base supply wells in the same subbasin near Surprise Spring declined an average of 78 feet during the past 30 years. Water levels in the same timespan in Deadman subbasin and water quality in the base supply wells, drilled in 1952-53 and 1978, have remained virtually unchanged. Ground water in storage, suitable for domestic use, in the top 200 feet of saturated sediments in Surprise Spring subbasin was estimated to be 810,000 acre-feet in the early 1950's. About 60,000 acre-feet of this has been removed, mostly for use at the Marine Corps Base, which leaves about 750,000 acre-feet of recoverable water of good quality still stored in the 200-foot interval considered. For planning purposes, it would be safe to use a conservative figure of 300,000 acre-feet for storage in the Deadman subbasin, which contains water having fluoride concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standards for drinking water. Three sites in the general area of the present well fields seem favorable for recharging the ground-water system in the Surprise Spring subbasin. Further exploration of these sites is suggested.

California↗
USGS1984

Quality of water in the alluvial aquifer, American Bottoms, East St. Louis, Illinois

Ground-water levels in the American Bottoms regions around East St. Louis, Illinois, have risen several feet since the early 1970's. Artificial dewatering of the aquifer by increased pumping is being investigated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to alleviate economic and health concerns resulting from elevated ground-water levels. A ground-water quality evaluation is necessary for selecting a feasible dewatering scheme. Analyses of water samples from 63 wells show that except for iron, manganese, and dissolved solids, constituent concentrations do not exceed Illinois water-quality standards. The waters are primarily of the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type with some calcium-sulfate type water. Iron concentrations ranged from less than 3 to 82,000 micrograms per liter, manganese from 5 to 5,300 micrograms per liter, and dissolved solids from 140 to 3,000 milligrams per liter. These constituent concentrations exceed Illinois ' public water supply, effluent, and general water-quality standards in most samples and analysis indicates the concentrations are representative of the ambient water quality. Concentrations of nitrite + nitrate nitrogen fluoride, zinc, lead, and sulfate also exceeded Illinois water-quality standards in a few samples. Concentrations of organic pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes were below analytical detection limits.

Illinois↗
USGS1984

Partial compilation and revision of basic data in the WATEQ programs

Several portions of the basic data in the WATEQ series of computer programs (WATEQ, WATEQF, WATEQ2, WATEQ3, and PHREEQE) are compiled. The density and dielectric constant of water and their temperature dependence are evaluated for the purpose of updating the Debye-Huckel solvent parameters in the activity coefficient equations. The standard state thermodynamic properties of the Fe2+ and Fe3+ aqueous ions are refined. The main portion of this report is a comprehensive listing of aluminum hydrolysis constants, aluminum fluoride, aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate stability constants, solubility product constants for gibbsite and amorphous aluminum hydroxide, and the standard electrode potentials for Fe (s)/Fe2+(aq) and Fe2 +(aq)/Fe3+(aq). (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗