Requirements for integrating natural and artificial production of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest
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In spring of 2006, Tacoma Power installed a new fish screen at the Cowlitz Falls Project (CFP) with the purpose of improving the collection of anadromous juvenile fish for downstream transport. The new fish screen was placed between the upstream baffle panels and the fish gates and flume system that lead to the Cowlitz Falls Fish Facility. We initiated a radio telemetry evaluation of the screen using juvenile coho ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ), steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), and spring Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). These evaluations were intended to provide guidance to direct efforts to further improve juvenile fish collection. Based on study findings in 2006, and 2007 the screen will be modified and evaluated again in 2008.
During 2005, we evaluated the survival of radio-tagged yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead trout through the Bonneville Dam spillway, powerhouses 1 and 2, the corner collector and juvenile bypass system (JBS) at powerhouse 2, and through all routes collectively using the route-specific survival model. Radio-tagged fish were released at The Dalles Dam and in the tailrace of Bonneville Dam and were interrogated at Bonneville Dam and three radio-telemetry arrays below Bonneville Dam. We also evaluated the survival of radio-tagged yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead trout using paired releases through the ice and trash sluiceway at Bonneville Dam’s powerhouse 1. Site-specific releases were made directly into the ice and trash sluiceway and in the tailrace of Bonneville Dam below the outfall of powerhouse 2 juvenile bypass system.
During 2004, the USGS evaluated the survival of radio-tagged yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead trout through the ice and trash sluiceway and the minimum gap runner (MGR) turbine unit at Bonneville Dam’s powerhouse 1. Survival was estimated using paired release-recapture models with paired releases made directly into these passage routes and in the tailrace of Bonneville Dam. For the evaluations of survival through the MGR two separate control release locations were used; one location was directly downstream of the front roll below the turbine unit and the other release location was further downstream of the powerhouse 2 juvenile bypass outfall. During spring and summer releases of radio-tagged fish into the MGR and the ice and trash sluiceway, powerhouse 1 was not continuously operated due to a policy that prioritized the passage of water through powerhouse 2. Because of this policy, powerhouse 1 was only operated sporadically for short time intervals before and after the releases of radiotagged fish associated with this study.
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In 1995, the Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project was established to mitigate the loss of anadromous fish due to the construction of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams. The objectives of the Chief Joseph Enhancement Project are to determine the status of resident kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations above Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams and to enhance kokanee and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. Studies conducted at Grand Coulee Dam documented substantial entrainment of kokanee through turbines at the third powerhouse.