SEARCH · Geology Reports

Results for “Fluoride”

Search indexed USGS publications on groundwater, aquifers, geologic maps, mineral resources and earthquakes. Explore source records by subject and place.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

USGS1978

Geohydrologic data from twenty-four test holes drilled in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, 1975-76

Twenty-four test holes were drilled in the Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado, to obtain geohydrologic data from the Uinta and Green River Formations of Eocene age. Depths of test holes ranged from 640 to 2,800 feet. The maximum quantity of water discharged during the air drilling of individual test holes ranged from 14 to 880 gallons per minute. The specific conductance of water discharged during drilling ranged from 100 to 50,000 micromhos per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Aquifer tests made during drilling indicate transmissivity at four sites ranged from 100 to 1,600 feet squared per day and the storage coefficient at two sites ranged from 0.0004 to 0.00016. Depths to the static water level ranged from 30 to 695 feet. Water levels were measured in each test well, and potentiometric maps constructed from these measurements are comparable in configuration and altitude to those previously drawn from composite-head data. Water samples taken during drilling indicate that, except for water from the Uinta Formation, the water in Piceance basin is generally not suited for domestic water supply due to the presence of excessive amounts of certain trace constituents, notably fluoride. The average concentration of dissolved solids, based on data from the test holes, was 909 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for the Uinta Formation, 828 mg/L for the upper part of the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation, and 3,460 mg/L for the lower part of the Parachute Creek Member. (Woodard-USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1978

Ground-water data for 1976-77 in Joshua Tree National Monument, California

A continuing study of ground water in Joshua Tree National Monument shows that during 1976-77 water levels fluctuated seasonally; slight declines were detected in the Oasis of Mara and the Pinto Basin. Water quality was generally good, with a high concentration of fluoride in one well in the southern part of the Monument.

California↗

USGS1979

Map showing ground-water conditions in the Bodaway Mesa area, Coconino County, Arizona: 1977

The Bodaway Mesa area includes about 800 square miles in north-central Arizona, and most of the area is in the Navajo Indian Reservation. Ground-water development has been slight; in 1977 the estimated ground-water withdrawal was less than 5 acre-feet. The Chinle Formation is the principal aquifer tapped by wells, and in places the Moenkopi Formation and the Redwall and Muav Limestones yield water to wells and springs. Water levels in the Chinle Formation are 15 to 200 feet below the land surface. The water from one well completed in the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation contained 1,210 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids; the dissolved-solids concentrations from two wells in the Shinarump Member of the Chinle were 1,000 and 1,110 milligrams per liter. Three wells penetrate the Moenkopi Formation, but only one yields water. One well obtains its water from the Redwall Limestone, and the water level is 2,200 feet below the land surface. About 60 cubic feet per second of water is discharged by springs that issue from the Redwall and Muav Limestones along the east wall of the canyon of the Little Colorado River. Information on the map includes depth to water, altitude of the water level, specific conductance, and fluoride concentrations. Scale 1:125,000.

Arizona↗

USGS1979

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the northern part of the Gila River drainage from Painted Rock Dam to Texas Hill area, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, Arizona; 1978

The Gila River drainage from Painted Rock Dam to Texas Hill area includes about 3,000 square miles in southwestern Arizona. Ground-water development has taken place only in the northern part of the area, and only this part is included in the report. The southwestward-flowing Gila River drains the 1 ,900-square-mile northern part of the area. The main water-bearing unit is the valley-fill deposits. Since 1967, the estimated ground-water pumpage has exceeded 100,000 acre-feet per year, and in 1977 the ground-water pumpage was 210,000 acre-feet; the ground water is used mainly for irrigation. The ground-water withdrawals have resulted in general water-level declines in most of the area. Information shown on the maps includes change in water level, 1965-78 and 1973-78, and irrigated area; depth to water, altitude of the water level, and well depth; and specific conductance and fluoride concentration in the water. Hydrographs of the water level in selected wells and a table of historical pumpage also are included. Scale 1:250 ,000.

Arizona↗

USGS1979

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the Gila River drainage from Texas Hill to Dome area and in the western Mexican drainage area, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma counties, Arizona; 1977

The Gila River drainage from Texas Hill to Dome and the western Mexican drainage areas include about 4,700 square miles in southwestern Arizona. The main water-bearing unit is the alluvium along the Gila River and its tributaries and in the valleys that separate the mountains. Most of the ground-water development has taken place in the Wellton-Mohawk area in the northern part of the Gila River drainage from Texas Hill to Dome area. The use of imported Colorado River water for irrigation caused the water levels to rise, and in the early 1970 's the water levels were within 6 feet of the land surface in most of the area. Since 1961, a network of about 70 wells has been pumping about 200,000 acre-feet of ground water annually for drainage of the waterlogged land in the area. The ground water in the Wellton-Mohawk area is of unsuitable chemical quality for most uses. Information shown on the maps includes depth to water , well depth, altitude of the water level, irrigated area, and specific conductance and Fluoride concentration in the water, A table of historical pumpage also is included. Scale 1:125.000. (Kosco-USGS)

Arizona↗

USGS1980

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the upper San Pedro basin area, Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise Counties, Arizona; 1978

The upper San Pedro basin area includes about 1,800 square miles in southeastern Arizona. The main use of groundwater is for irrigation. During 1966-77, about 481,000 acre-feet of groundwater was withdrawn. Except near Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca, the groundwater withdrawals have had little effect on water levels. Information shown on the maps includes altitude of the water level, depth to water, depth of well, hydrographs of the water level in selected wells, irrigated area, and specific conductance and fluoride concentration in the water. A table of pumpage also is included. (USGS)

Arizona↗

USGS1980

Water-supply assessment of the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer in parts of Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld Counties, Colorado

Groundwater in the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer is a potential source of supplemental municipal water supplies for the communities of Erie, Lafayette, Louisville, and Superior in Colorado. The present water supplies for these communities are not always adequate to meet current demands. The U.S. Geological Survey made a water-supply assessment of the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which is investigating and evaluating alternative sources of water for the communities. Recharge to the aquifer is mostly in the western and southwestern parts of the study area. Groundwater movement is generally from the southwest to northeast. Groundwater discharge in the study area is primarily by pumping wells. Since 1961, this pumping has caused water-level declines of about 250 to 300 feet from Broomfield to east of Erie, Colorado. Generally, water levels in other parts of the area have remained the same. The aggregate sand thickness determined from well logs ranges from 42 to 360 feet and the mean thickness is 229 feet. The volume of groundwater in storage in the study area is about 5 million acre-feet. Reported yields from 93 wells ranged from 1 to 90 gallons per minute and averaged 22 gallons per minute. Well yields tended to be larger in the areas where aggregate sand thickness is the greatest. The water generally changes from a sodium calcium bicarbonate type to a sodium calcium sulfate type as it moves through the aquifer away from the recharge areas. The maximum limit established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for nitrite plus nitrate in public-water supplies was exceeded in water from three wells, the maximum limit for fluoride was exceeded in water from two wells, and the maximum limit for selenium was exceeded in water from three wells.

Colorado↗

USGS1980

Statistical summaries of water-quality data for streams draining coal-mined areas, southeastern Kansas

Summaries of descriptive statistics are compiled for 14 data-collection sites located on streams draining areas that have been shaft mined and strip mined for coal in Cherokee and Crawford Counties in southeastern Kansas. These summaries include water-quality data collected from October 1976 through April 1979. Regression equations relating specific conductance and instantaneous streamflow to concentrations of bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silica, and dissolved solids are presented.

Kansas↗

USGS1980

Maps showing hydrologic conditions in the San Francisco River area, Greenlee County, Arizona, 1978: A reconnaissance study

The San Francisco River area includes about 950 square miles in Greenlee County in east-central Arizona. Water-resources development has been slight compared with that in many areas in Arizona. In 1978 about 500 acre-feet of water was diverted for irrigation from the San Francisco and Blue Rivers, and about 550 acre-feet of ground water was withdrawn from wells for municipal use at Clifton. Surface water and ground water generally contained less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids; however, in the San Francisco River the dissolved-solids concentration increased from 263 to 885 milligrams per liter as the water moved downstream. The increase in dissolved solids was caused by inflow from springs near Clifton, one of which contained 11,700 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Information shown on the maps includes altitude of the water level, depth to water, well depth, streamflow characteristics of the San Francisco and Blue Rivers, and dissolved-solids and fluoride concentrations.

Arizona↗

USGS1980

Maps showing ground-water conditions in the Hassayampa area, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona—1978

The Hassayampa area includes about 1,300 square miles in west-central Arizona. The area consists of basins filled with alluvial deposits and mountains composed of crystalline and consolidated sedimentary rocks. The main water-bearing unit is the alluvial deposits, which consist of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Other water-bearing units consist of crystalline and consolidated sedimentary rocks that may yield a few gallons per minute. In 1978 about 3,000 acre-feet of ground water was withdrawn from the area. Information shown on the maps includes depth to water, altitude of the water level, well depth, specific conductance, and fluoride concentration. Scale 1:125 ,000. (USGS)

Arizona↗

USGS1980

Map showing ground-water conditions in the Canyon Diablo area, Coconino and Navajo Counties, Arizona - 1979

The Canyon Diablo area includes about 1,400 square miles in northeastern Arizona. The main source of ground water is the Coconino aquifer, which includes the Kaibab Limestone, the Cononino Sandstone, and the upper member of the Supai Formation. In places the alluvium and volcanic rocks yield water to wells and springs. Information on the map includes altitude of the water level, depth to water, and specific conductance and fluoride concentration in the water. Scale 1:125,000. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1982

Ground-water quality in east-central Idaho valleys

From May through November 1978, water quality, geologic, and hydrologic data were collected for 108 wells in the Lemhi, Pahsimeroi, Salman River (Stanley to Salmon), Big Lost River, and Little Lost River valleys in east-central Idaho. Data were assembled to define, on a reconnaissance level, water-quality conditions in major aquifers and to develop an understanding of factors that affected conditions in 1978 and could affect future ground-water quality. Water-quality characteristics determined include specific conductance, pH, water temperature, major dissolved cations, major dissolved anions, and coliform bacteria. Concentrations of hardness, nitrite plus nitrate, coliform bacteria, dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, fluoride , iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium or bicarbonate exceed public drinking water regulation limits or were anomalously high in some water samples. Highly mineralized ground water probably is due to the natural composition of the aquifers and not to surface contamination. Concentrations of coliform bacteria that exceed public drinking water limits and anomalously high dissolved nitrite-plus-nitrite concentrations are from 15- to 20-year old irrigation wells in heavily irrigated or more densely populated areas of the valleys. Ground-water quality and quantity in most of the study area are sufficient to meet current (1978) population and economic demands. Ground water in all valleys is characterized by significant concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate plus carbonate ions. Variations in the general trend of ground-water composition (especially in the Lemhi Valley) probably are most directly related to variability in aquifer lithology and proximity of sampling site to source of recharge. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1981

Hydrology and chemical quality of ground water in Kiowa County, Colorado

Ground water is available in Kiowa County, Colo., in quantities suitable for municipal or irrigation uses from at least two aquifers, the Big Sandy-Rush Creek alluvial aquifer and the Ogallala aquifer. The Dakota Sandstone and the Cheyenne Sandstone Member of the Purgatoire Formation may provide marginally sufficient water for municipal or irrigation purposes. Whil e wells in parts of the Ogallala aquifer have shown significant water-level declines in recent years, the Dakota Sandstone and Cheyenne Sandstone Member of the Purgatoire Formation are virtually undeveloped in the county , primarily because of the depth to the top of these formations (500-1,00 feet). Where water is not available from the Big Sandy-Rush Creek and Ogallala aquifers in the county, supplies sufficient for domestic or stock use may be obtained from shallow wells in several minor aquifers. The quality of ground water in the county varies widely, but dissolved-solids concentrations are usually greater than 500 milligrams per liter, except in parts of the Ogallala aquifer. The water is generally very hard and sulfate concentrations are usually greater than 250 milligrams per liter, except in parts of the Ogallala aquifer. High concentrations of selenium (greater than 10 micrograms per liter) in three-fourths of the wells sampled and locally high concentrations of fluoride, nitrate, iron, and manganese limit the suitability of the ground water for municipal and domestic use. (USGS)

Colorado↗

USGS1981

Water quality in the tidal Potomac River and estuary, hydrologic data report, 1979 water year

This report contains data on the physical and chemical properties measured during the 1979 water year for the tidal Potomac River and estuary. Data were collected routinely at five major stations and periodically at 14 intervening stations. Each major station represents a cross section through which the transport of selected dissolved and suspended materials will be computed. The intervening stations represent locations at which data were collected for special studies such as: salt water migration, dissolved oxygen dynamics, and other synoptic studies. About 960 samples were analyzed for silicate, Kjeldhal nitrogen, nitrite, phosphorus, chlorophyll and suspended sediment, with additional samples analyzed for organic carbon, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, potassium, chloride, fluoride, seston and dissolved solids residue. In addition, about 1400 in-situ measurements of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, temperature, and Secchi disk transparency are reported.

Maryland, Virgina↗

USGS1982

Water resources of the Ochlockonee River area, northwest Florida

The Ochlockonee River area comprises about 1,420 square miles in the panhandle of northwest Florida. In 1975, the population of the area was about 48,000. Water use averaged 11.4 million gallons per day; about half was pumped from wells and half from streams. The area receives 57 inches of precipitation per year on the average. Much of this water enters the surficial sand aquifer, seeps to streams, or enters the underlying water-bearing zone of the upper confining unit and the Floridan aquifer. The water-bearing zone of the upper confining unit is used for rural domestic supplies and is also important because the water it stores is a source of recharge to the underlying Floridan aquifer. The Floridan aquifer underlies all of the Ochlockonee River area and, except for the city of Quincy, is the principal source of municipal water supply. Well yields range from as little as 20 gallons per minute in Gadsden County to as much as 4,500 gallons per minute in Leon County. The transmissivity of the Floridan aquifer ranges from about 170 feet squared per day in the southern part of the area to 5,100 feet squared per day in the northern part. Storage coefficients calculated from two aquifer tests are 2 x 10-4 and 2.6 x 10-4. At Tallahassee, directly east of the Ochlockonee River, transmissivity is as high as 130,000 feet squared per day. The Floridan aquifer is recharged by downward leakage of water from the surficial sand aquifer and from the water-bearing zone of the upper confining unit. The Floridan aquifer is also recharged directly by rainfall in northern Leon County and in southern Georgia where it is near or at land surface. Ground water moves toward the southeast from the potentiometric high in southwestern Gadsden County and south from Leon County toward Wakulla Springs, located about 10 miles south of Tallahassee. The potentiometric surface of the upper part of the Floridan aquifer ranges from about 50 feet higher than that of the middle and lower part of the Floridan aquifer in southwestern Gadsden County to about 10 feet higher near Midway in eastern Gadsden County. The aquifer discharge in the basin area is by wells and by natural discharge through seeps and springs along the Ochlockonee River and at Ochlockonee Bay. Water levels in the Floridan aquifer fluctuate in response to seasonal and long-term variations in rainfall. Hydrographs do not show evidence of any long-term water-level declining trend. Saline water (more than 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids) occurs naturally within the Floridan aquifer throughout the Ochlockonee River area at depths ranging from 200 to 600 feet below sea level. The depth below which dissolved solids in water exceed 500 milligrams per liter in the Havana area ranges from 200 to 250 feet below sea level; in the Quincy area, from 400 to 450 feet below; and in the Greensboro area, from 200 to 250 feet below. Concentrations of dissolved solids in water pumped from wells tapping the Floridan aquifer in the Ochlockonee River area range from 60 to 1,370 milligrams per liter; chloride from 0 to 630 milligrams per liter; sulfate from 0.0 to 280 milligrams per liter; and fluoride from 0.0 to 1.3 milligrams per liter. Streamflow originating in the Ochlockonee River area in Florida averages about 1,000 million gallons per day; minimum discharge during dry periods is about 285 million gallons per day. Stream yields range from 0.90 to 2.62 cubic feet per second per square mile. Quincy Creek, at State Highway 267 at Quincy, the primary source of water for the city of Quincy, yields an average flow of 19 million gallons per day, has a 7-day 10-year low flow of 2.8 million gallons per day, and contains water of acceptable quality. The chemical quality of most streams in the basin is acceptable for most uses. Dissolved-solids concentration is generally less than 135 milligrams per liter; pH ranges from 5.3 to 7.3 units; color from 20 to 90 platinum-cobalt units; and turbidity from 3 to 85 Jackson turbidity units. Variations in chloride concentration in water from the Ochlockonee River (5.2 to 140 milligrams per liter) are influenced by discharge of food processing waste and municipal sewage plant effluent to the river. The three large lakes in the basin range from 4,000 to 7,000 acres in surface area. All are now used primarily for recreation. Dissolved-solids concentrations of water from the lakes range from less than 20 to 50 milligrams per liter. A major flood occurred in 1975 when the Ochlockonee River near Havana reached the third highest stage of record and the peak flood at the Sopchoppy River exceeded that for the period of record (11 years in 1975); no significant damage occurred.

Florida↗

USGS1982

Water quality of the tidal Potomac River and estuary hydrologic data report, 1980 water year

This report contains data on the physical and chemical properties measured in the Tidal Potomac River and Estuary during the 1980 Water Year. Data were collected routinely at five stations, and periodically at 17 stations including three stations near the mouth of the Potomac River in Chesapeake Bay. Each of the five stations represent a cross section through which the transport of selected dissolved and suspended materials can be computed. The remaining stations represent locations at which data were collected for special synoptic studies such as salt water migration, and dissolved oxygen dynamics. Routinely, samples were analyzed for silica, nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, pheophytin, and suspended sediment. Additional samples were analyzed for organic carbon, calcium, manganese, magnesium, sodium, alkalinity, sulfate, iron, potassium, chloride, fluoride, seston, algal growth potential, adenosine triphosphate, nitrifying bacteria and dissolved-solids residue. In addition, solar radiation measurements and in-situ measurements of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH, temperature, and Secchi disk transparency are reported. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1982

Water quality of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary; hydrologic data report, 1981 water year, with a section on collection and analysis of chlorophyll-a

This report contains data on the physical and chemical properties measured in the Tidal Potomac River and Estuary during the 1981 water year. Data were collected at least weekly at five stations, and periodically at 15 stations and at two other stations near the mouth of the Potomac River in Chesapeake Bay. Each of the five stations represent a cross section at which the transport of selected dissolved and suspended materials can be computed. The remaining 17 stations are locations at which data were collected for special studies of selected phenomena, such as salt water migration and dissolved oxygen dynamics. Samples were routinely analyzed for chlorophyll-a, nitrogen, pheophytin, phosphorus, silica and suspended sediment. Additional samples were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate, algal growth potential, alkalinity, calcium, chloride, dissolved-solids residue, fluoride, iron, manganese, magnesium, nitrifying bacteria, organic carbon, potassium, seston, sodium, and sulfate. In addition, in-situ measurements of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH, temperature, solar radiation, and secchi disk transparency were made. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1983

Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico

The Papago Farms-Great Plain and upper Rio Sonoyta study area includes about 490 square miles in south-central Arizona and north-central Sonora, Mexico. In the study area 23,700 acre-feet of ground water from the basin-fill deposits was used to irrigate more than 5,000 acres in 1981. Surface water is not a reliable source for irrigation or public supply. Ground water enters the area as underflow from the north and east and as recharge from the mountains, moves through basin-margin sediments, around the basin-center clays, and exits the area to the west beneath the Rio Sonoyta. Ground-water withdrawals in the upper Rio Sonoyta area do not appear to have an effect on water levels in the Papago Farms-Great Plain area. Depth to water ranges from 500 feet near the southern boundary to 150 feet in the center of study area. About 10 million acre-feet of recoverable ground water is stored in the upper 400 feet of the aquifer. Storage is being depleted at a rate of 19,000 acre-feet per year. The ground water is a sodium and bicarbonate type and has an anomalously high content of arsenic and fluoride. (USGS)

Arizona↗