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Sustainability trade-offs across modeled floating solar waterscapes of the Northeastern United States

Adam Gallaher·Elizabeth L. Kalies·Steven Mark Grodsky
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Abstract

Expansion of floating photovoltaic (FPV) solar systems provides a low-conflict renewable energy option to help mitigate climate change while sparing land, but potential sustainability trade-offs remain unquantified. We compare the technical potential of maximum FPV deployment to address the climate crisis with FPV-buildout scenarios that prioritize biodiversity and social values across waterscapes. FPV deployment on all technically suitable waterbodies (3.5% of available sites) in the Northeastern US could generate nearly a quarter of the region’s solar energy while offsetting all the land required for solar by 2050, but trade-offs, including maintenance of freshwater biodiversity and recreational benefits, exist. Avoidance of socioenvironmental interactions yields FPV-electricity generation potential equal to a 5% increase in regional solar generation while sparing water for biodiversity and social values, though opportunities for co-location make this a conservative estimate. Our framework extends technical potential assessments to holistically inform FPV siting and support diverse Sustainable Development Goals.

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90° N90° S · 180° W ← longitude → 180° E
Source-reported bounding extent: 36.550754° to 47.459686° latitude; -83.645586° to -66.986318° longitude. This indicates report coverage, not an exact sampling location. View area on OpenStreetMap.

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Adam Gallaher, Elizabeth L. Kalies, Steven Mark Grodsky. 2025-06-13. Sustainability trade-offs across modeled floating solar waterscapes of the Northeastern United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsus.2025.100423

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