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USGS · 70185638

Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow

Kira Mizell·James R. Hein
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Abstract

Ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts and nodules are marine sed- imentary mineral deposits, composed mostly of iron and manganese oxides. They precipitate very slowly from seawa- ter, or for nodules also from deep-sea sediment pore waters, recording the chemical signature of these source waters as they grow. Additional elements incorporate via sorption pro- cesses onto the Fe-Mn oxides, including rare and valuable metals that can reach concentrations that are economically valuable.

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Kira Mizell, James R. Hein. 2016-12-05. Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_101-1

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