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Developmental stability and its applications in ecotoxicology

John H. Graham·John M. Emlen·D. Carl Freeman
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Abstract

Developmental stability refers to the ability of a developing organism to produce a consistent phenotype in a given environment. It provides a simple, reliable method of detecting stressed populations and monitoring their recovery. The most common measure of developmental instability, fluctuating asymmetry, assesses minor deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry in traits that are normally symmetrical. Measures of developmental instability are based upon the concept of developmental invariance. The biotest approach consists of the simultaneous analysis of developmental instability (and related physiological instability) in a variety of species.

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John H. Graham, John M. Emlen, D. Carl Freeman. 1993. Developmental stability and its applications in ecotoxicology. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00116422

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