Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design

Michael D. Rennie; Brian Weidel; Randall M. Claramunt; Erin S. Dunlob

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.014

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Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design

Michael D. Rennie·Brian Weidel·Randall M. Claramunt·Erin S. Dunlob

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Abstract

Understanding fish habitat use is important in determining conditions that ultimately affect fish energetics, growth and reproduction. Great Lakes lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) have demonstrated dramatic changes in growth and life history traits since the appearance of dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes, but the role of habitat occupancy in driving these changes is poorly understood. To better understand temporal changes in lake whitefish depth of capture ( D w ), we compiled a database of fishery-independent surveys representing multiple populations across all five Laurentian Great Lakes. By demonstrating the importance of survey design in estimating D w , we describe a novel method for detecting survey-based bias in D w and removing potentially biased data. Using unbiased D w estimates, we show clear differences in the pattern and timing of changes in lake whitefish D w between our reference sites (Lake Superior) and those that have experienced significant benthic food web changes (lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario). Lake whitefish D w in Lake Superior tended to gradually shift to shallower waters, but changed rapidly in other locations coincident with dreissenid establishment and declines in Diporeia densities. Almost all lake whitefish populations that were exposed to dreissenids demonstrated deeper D w following benthic food web change, though a subset of these populations subsequently shifted to more shallow depths. In some cases in lakes Huron and Ontario, shifts towards more shallow D w are occurring well after documented Diporeia collapse, suggesting the role of other drivers such as habitat availability or reliance on alternative prey sources.

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Journal of Great Lakes Research Article

Source-reported bounding extent: 41.37680856570233° to 49.041468914058086° latitude; -92.1533203125° to -76.025390625° longitude. This indicates report coverage, not an exact sampling location. View area on OpenStreetMap.

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Michael D. Rennie, Brian Weidel, Randall M. Claramunt, Erin S. Dunlob. 2015. Changes in depth occupied by Great Lakes lake whitefish populations and the influence of survey design. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.09.014

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