Waterfowl mortality factors

J.D. Nichols

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USGS · 5210416

Waterfowl mortality factors

J.D. Nichols

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Abstract

The objectives of waterfowl management in North America involve population size and harvest. Any management action intended to influence population size must do so through one of four demographic variables: reproduction, mortality, immigration, and emigration. Mortality is especially important because hunting can be strongly influenced by management.

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J.D. Nichols. 1989. Waterfowl mortality factors. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/5210416

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