Geology Reports⌕ Search
Home/Archive/USGS

USGS · 1014095

Characterization of EV-2, a virus isolated from European eels (Anguilla anguilla) with stomatopapilloma

T. Nagabayashi·K. Wolf
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

A virus designated EV-2 has been isolated from external tumor tissue and internal organs of European eels ( Anguilla anguilla ) with stomatopapilloma. It contains RNA and is ether, acid, and temperature labile above 4°C, and concentrated preparations agglutinate chicken and sheep erythrocytes. The addition of actinomycin D during the first 2.75 h of infection inhibits viral replication. As determined in sucrose gradients, the buoyant density of the virus is 1.19 g/cm 3 . EV-2 has a moderately pleomorphic spherical morphology; its diameter ranges from 80 to 140 nm. The virion has narrow, regularly spaced surface projections about 10 nm long. Replication in FHM cells at 15°C shows new infectivity appearing at 10 h postinfection and reaching a plateau at 20 h. Cytopathic effects consist of cell fusion, syncytia, and irregularly rounded cell masses. Viral antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of infected cells by specific immunofluorescence.

Explore related subjects

Journal of VirologyArticle

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

T. Nagabayashi, K. Wolf. 1979. Characterization of EV-2, a virus isolated from European eels (Anguilla anguilla) with stomatopapilloma. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.30.1.358-364.1979

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related USGS reports

USGS2020

Differences in antibody responses against Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) suggest differences in virus biology in ChHV5-seropositive green turtles from Hawaii and ChHV5-seropositive green turtles from Florida

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor disease associated with a herpesvirus (chelonid herpesvirus 5 [ChHV5]) that affects mainly green turtles globally. Understanding the epidemiology of FP has been hampered by a lack of robust serological assays to monitor exposure to ChHV5. This is due in part to an inability to efficiently culture the virus in vitro for neutralization assays. Here, we expressed two glycoproteins (FUS4 and FUS8) from ChHV5 using baculovirus. These proteins were immobilized on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plates in their native form and assayed for reactivity to two types of antibodies, full-length 7S IgY and 5.7S IgY, which has a truncated Fc region. Turtles from Florida were uniformly seropositive to ChHV5 regardless of tumor status. In contrast, in turtles from Hawaii, we detected strong antibody reactivity mainly in tumored animals, with a lower antibody response being seen in nontumored animals, including those from areas where FP is enzootic. Turtles from Hawaii actively shedding ChHV5 were more seropositive than nonshedders. In trying to account for differences in the serological responses to ChHV5 between green turtles from Hawaii and green turtles from Florida, we rejected the cross-reactivity of antibodies to other herpesviruses, differences in viral epitopes, or differences in procedure as likely explanations. Rather, behavioral or other differences between green turtles from Hawaii and green turtles from Florida might have led to the emergence of biologically different viral strains. While the strains from turtles in Florida apparently spread independently of tumors, the transmission of the Hawaiian subtype relies heavily on tumor formation.

Florida, Hawaii↗
USGS2020

Virome of bat guano from nine northern California roosts

Bats are hosts to a large variety of viruses, including many capable of cross species transmissions to other mammals or humans. We characterized the virome in guano from five common bat species in 9 Northern California roosts and a pool of 5 individual bats. Genomes belonging to 14 viral families known to infect mammals and 17 viral families infecting insects or of unknown tropism were detected. Near or complete genomes of a novel parvovirus, astrovirus, nodavirus, CRESS-DNA viruses and densoviruses and more partial genomes of a novel alphacoronavirus, and bunyavirus were characterized. Lower numbers of reads with >90% amino acid identity to previously described calicivirus, circovirus, adenoviruses, hepatovirus, bocaparvoviruses, and polyomavirus in other bat species were also found likely reflecting their wide distribution among different bats. Unexpectedly a few sequence reads of canine parvovirus 2 and the recently described mouse kidney parvovirus were also detected and their presence confirmed by PCR possibly originating from guano contamination by carnivores and rodents. The majority of eukaryotic viral reads were highly divergent indicating that numerous viruses still remain to be characterized even from such a heavily investigated order as Chiroptera.

California↗
USGS2019

Aerosol transmission of gull-origin Iceland subtype H10N7 influenza A virus in ferrets

Subtype H10 influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been recovered from domestic poultry and various aquatic bird species, and sporadic transmission of these IAVs from avian species to mammals (i.e., human, seal, and mink) are well documented. In 2015, we isolated four H10N7 viruses from gulls in Iceland. Genomic analyses showed four gene segments in the viruses were genetically associated with H10 IAVs that caused influenza outbreaks and deaths among European seals in 2014. Antigenic characterization suggested minimal antigenic variation among these H10N7 isolates and other archived H10 viruses recovered from human, seal, mink, and various avian species in Asia, Europe, and North America. Glycan binding preference analyses suggested that, similar to other avian-origin H10 IAVs, these gull-origin H10N7 IAVs bound to both avian-like alpha 2,3-linked sialic acids and human-like alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids. However, when the gull-origin viruses were compared with another Eurasian avian–origin H10N8 IAV, which caused human infections, the gull-origin virus showed significantly higher binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Results from ferret experiment demonstrated that a gull-origin H10N7 IAV replicated well in turbinate, trachea, and lung, but replication was most efficient in turbinate and trachea. This gull-origin H10N7 virus can be transmitted between ferrets through the direct contact and aerosol routes, without prior adaptation. Gulls share their habitat with other birds and mammals, and have frequent contact with humans; therefore, gull-origin H10N7 IAVs could pose a risk to public health. Surveillance and monitoring of these IAVs at the wild bird-human interface should be continued.

Journal of Virology↗