Geology Reports⌕ Search

Geology topics

Research about Michigan

Source-linked reports with geographic coverage including Michigan.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
USGS1978

Three-dimensional finite-difference model of ground-water system underlying the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan

The spray irrigation system used by Muskegon County for wastewater treatment is the largest of its kind in the United States. It has 2200 hectares of irrigated farm land, 688 hectares of treatment lagoons, and 105 kilometers of drainage tile. The system has a design capacity of 1.8 cubic meters of wastewater per second. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was developed to study the effect of the disposal operation on ground-water conditions. Model calculations show that the water table at and adjacent to most of the wastewater site is lower as a result of the operation of the system to date. However, along the northwest boundary of the site, where irrigated land was not undertiled, the water table is 1 to 2 meters higher than it would be under natural conditions. Predictive simulations indicate that, even if the drainage tiles lost 75 percent of their effectiveness, the impact of disposal operations on ground-water levels would be negligible outside of the wastewater site.

Michigan↗
USGS1977

Bedrock geologic map of the southern part of the Diorite and Champion 7 1/2 minute quadrangles, Marquette County, Michigan

This map illustrates the bedrock geology of part of the Marquette iron range in the Diorite and Champion 7 ½-minute quadrangles. The area includes part of the Marquette trough, a synclinorium containing rocks of the Marquette Range Supergroup (Precambrian X) and older Precambrian W basement gneiss. Among the Precambrian X rocks is the economically important banded iron-formation, and the oldest rocks of the Precambrian W gneiss consist of a mafic-ultramafic volcanic-intrusive complex that contains gold deposits.

Michigan↗
USGS1977

Ground-water data for Michigan, 1976

The purpose of this report is to make available the records of water levels in principal aquifers of the State through 1976 and to compile related data, such as records of ground-water pumpage. Also included in the report are data on municipal, public, and industrial water-supply facilities. Records of water levels in areas of heavy pumpage and in areas where changes are principally due to natural influences are illustrated or tabulated to allow comparison between these types of water-level fluctuations. Water levels and related data provide a record for the evaluation of available ground-water supplies. The long-term records serve as a framework to which short-term records may be related. This report is written for persons, municipalities, industries, institutions, consultants, drillers, and hydrologists interested in the groundwater resources of the State.

Michigan↗
USGS1977

The Yellow Dog peridotite and a possible buried igneous complex of Lower Keweenawan Age in the northern peninsula of Michigan

Partly serpentinized peridotite of early Keweenawan age crops out in two places along a 20-km-long zone of positive aeromagnetic anomalies in northern Marquette County, Michigan. Most of the area is mantled by Pleistocene drift and the bedrock is not exposed. Petrographic and electron microprobe studies show that the peridotite was originally a plagioclase lherzolite containing 40-50% olivine (Fo8 0 ) and approximately 10-15% each of enstatite (En 78 Wo 04 Fs 18 ) and diopsidic augite (En 47 Wo 42 Fs 11 ), with 5-10% calcic labradorite (~An 70 ). Major oxide minerals (4-6%) are ilmenite and magnetite. Sulfides comprise 1 to 2 percent of the peridotite and are chiefly pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite. Ground magnetic, gravity, and very low frequency electro-magnetic surveys have refined the location and magnitude of anomalies previously known only from aeromagnetic studies. These surveys together with soil geochemical studies suggest that peridotite, and possibly other mafic rocks forming a differentiated igneous complex, may occur throughout a belt 20 km long (E-W) and 1-2 km wide (N-S). Differentiated igneous complexes in many parts of the world are hosts for Cu, Ni, Cr, or precious metal deposits. The peridotite in the area of this study is anomalously rich in Cu and S compared to world-wide averages for peridotite. Positive electro-magnetic anomalies found near the peridotite outcrops may be caused by sulfide-rich zones in the igneous rocks and should be explored further for Cu-Ni mineralization.

Michigan↗
USGS1977

Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1975

Water resources data for the 1975 water year for Michigan consist of records stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water qualit of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 207 gaging stations; stage only record for 1 gaging station; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 57 continuous—record stations, 169 partial—record stations, and 3 lakes; and water levels for 29 observation wells. Also included are 104 crest— stage partial—record stations and 43 low—flow partial—record stations. Additiona water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data coll tion program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data repre that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Sury and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Michigan.

Michigan↗
USGS1977

Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1976

Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 194 gaging stations; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 75 continuous record stations, 28 partial-record stations and 5 lakes; and water levels for 27 observations wells. Also included are 88 crest-stage partial-record stations and 33 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Michigan.

Michigan↗
USGS1977

Flowing wells in Michigan, 1974

Flowing wells yielding fresh water occur in both the glacial drift and the bedrock in Michigan. Most known flowing wells are in the Lower Peninsula because the greater population in that part of the State has led to more frequent drilling. A comparison of flowing-well areas in 1900 with those in 1970 shows a probable decline in head in the glacial drift and the Marshall and Saginaw bedrock formations in the central and southern parts of the Lower Peninsula. Wells having the greatest reported flews are from the Marshall and Saginaw Formations; wells having the greatest heads are from the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian rock units. Flowing wells in Michigan are largely used for domestic water supplies, although a few are used for municipal and industrial supplies. In general, water from most flowing wells is suitable for domestic use; however, high iron, chloride, and hardness impair water quality at some locations.

Michigan↗
USGS1976

Phosphorite and other apatite-bearing sedimentary rocks in the Precambrian of northern Michigan

Phosphatic pebbles are widespread in basal units of the Marquette Range Supergroup (Precambrian X) in the central part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. At one locality, a conglomeratic bed about 15 m thick averages about 15 percent P 2 O 5 , and many thinner beds are of comparable grade. This occurrence is believed to be the richest sedimentary phosphate deposit known in the Precambrian of the United States, as well as one of the oldest. Although outcrops are generally scarce, similar material has been found at four other localities in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

Michigan↗
USGS1976

Geology and Rb-Sr ages of reactivated Precambrian gneisses and granite in the Marenisco-Watersmeet area, northern Michigan

Rb-Sr dating of Precambrian W (lower Precambrian) gneisses and granitic rocks that form the cores of antiforms or domes mantled by metamorphosed Precambrian X (middle Precambrian) bedded rocks in the Marenisco-Watersmeet area, northern Michigan, shows that the rock systems have been disturbed to different degrees by complex tectonic and thermal events subsequent to primary crystallization. The disturbance is indicated by a lowering of the whole-rock Rb-Sr ages of many samples of gneiss from 2,600 m.y. or older to about 1,800 m.y. and by the scattering of data points, although some of the points can be fit to secondary isochrons; probably the major mechanism was redistribution of previously accumulated radiogenic Sr, which is indicated by the high initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of the resultant isochrons. The disturbance is interpreted as having resulted from internal cataclasis and recrystallization accompanied by metamorphic segregation and (or) partial melting during reactivation of the gneisses about 1,800 m.y. ago. Variations in the degree of reconstitution and mobility of individual bodies of basement rocks are indicated by differences in structural reconstitution of the basement rocks and in the metamorphic grade of the Precambrian X bedded rocks.

Michigan↗
USGS1975

Status of the wolf in Michigan, 1973

Wolf ( Canis lupus ) numbers in Michigan's Upper Peninsula declined from an estimated 45-50 animals in the mid-1950s to near extinction in 1973, probably because of overharvesting through the bounty system. Sporadic breeding and occasional immigration of wolves from Ontario and Minnesota are postulated to be the factors tending to maintain the present population at the level of perhaps six individuals, with illegal shooting and incidental capture by coyote bounty trappers apparently suppressing it.

Michigan↗
USGS1975

The geologic story of Isle Royale National Park

Isle Royale is an outstanding example of relatively undisturbed northwoods lake wilderness. But more than simple preservation of such an environment is involved in its inclusion in our National Park System. Its isolation from the mainland provides an almost untouched laboratory for research in the natural sciences, especially those studies whose very nature depends upon such isolation. One excellent example of such research is the intensive study of the predator-prey relationship of the timber wolf and moose, long sponsored by the National Park Service and Purdue University. In probably no other place in North America are the necessary ecological conditions for such a study so admirably fulfilled as on Isle Royale. The development of a natural laboratory with such conditions is ultimately dependent upon geologic processes and events that although not unique in themselves, produced in their interplay a unique result, the island archipelago as we know it today, with its hills and valleys, swamps and bogs the ecological framework of the plant and animal world. Even the most casual visitor can hardly fail to be struck by the fiordlike nature of many of the bays, the chains of fringing islands, the ridge-and-valley topography, and the linear nature of all these features. The distinctive topography of the archipelago is, of course, only the latest manifestation of geologic processes in operation since time immemorial. Fragments of geologic history going back over a billion years can be read from the rocks of the island, and with additional data from other parts of the Lake Superior region, we can fill in some of the story of Isle Royale. After more than a hundred years of study by man, the story is still incomplete. But then, geologic stories are seldom complete, and what we do know allows a deeper appreciation of one of our most naturally preserved parks and whets our curiosity about the missing fragments.

Michigan↗
USGS1975

Water resources of the Huron River Basin, southeastern Michigan

This hydrologic atlas represents a part of a comprehensive study of the water resources of southeastern Michigan. Its purpose is to provide information on (1) physical features of the Huron River and its tributaries, (2) characteristics of streamflow, (3) quality of ground and surface water, and (4) availability of ground water. This atlas is one in a series of atlases on several river basins in southeastern Michigan.

Michigan↗
USGS1975

Water resources of the River Raisin basin, southeastern Michigan

This hydrologic atlas represents a part of a comprehensive study of the water resources of southeastern Michigan. Its purpose is to provide information on (1) the physical features of the River Raisin and its tributaries, (2) the characteristics of streamflow, (3) the quality of surface and ground water, and (4) the availability of ground water. The atlas is one in a series on the several river basins in southeastern Michigan.

Michigan↗
USGS1975

Water resources of basins for minor streams draining into St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River, and Lake Erie, southeastern Michigan

This hydrologic atlas represents a part of a comprehensive study of the water resources of southeastern Michigan. Its purpose is the provide information on (1) the physical features of basins for minor streams draining into St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River, and Lake Erie, (2) the characteristics of streamflow, (3) the quality of surface water and ground water, and (4) the availability of ground water. The atlas is one in a series on the river basins in southeastern Michigan.

Michigan↗