Digital models for simulation of ground-water hydrology of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers along the Gulf Coast of Texas
No abstract available.
Texas Department of Water Resources Report↗
Geology topics
W.M. Sandeen
Publications and source records attributed to W.M. Sandeen.
Ground-water resources of Rusk County, Texas
Fresh to slightly saline water is available in most parts of Rusk County, which is located in the Piney Woods region of northeast Texas. The Wilcox aquifer, which underlies the entire county, was the source of most of the ground water withdrawn during 1980. Other units capable of yielding fresh ground water are the Carrizo, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers and the Reklaw Formation. About 5.4 million gallons per day (20,440 cubic meters per day) of ground water was used for all purposes during 1980. Of this amount, about 78 percent was used for public supply, 10 percent for mining, 8 percent for industrial purposes, and 4 percent for rural domestic use. Water levels have declined extensively at the city of Henderson, which used about 38 percent of all ground water consumed in Rusk County. Generally, the ground water is of acceptable quality. Water in some of the near-surface beds and some of the deeper sands in the Wilcox aquifer may have become mineralized because of oilfield operations. Ground-water contamination by oilfield brines at Henderson Oil Field has been documented. Two separate instances of streamflow contamination at Striker Creek and Henderson Oil Field have been documented. Moderate amounts of ground water are available for development. The amount that is available perennially is not known, but it is greater than that being withdrawn. Assuming a hydraulic gradient of about 8 feet per mile (1.5 meters per kilometer), at least 12 million gallons per day (45,420 cubic meters per day) of fresh ground water is being transmitted through the Wilcox and about 3 million gallons per day (11,350 cubic meters per day) through the Carrizo. About 20 million acre-feet (24,660 cubic hectometers) of freshwater is available from storage in the Wilcox and about 4 million acre-feet (4,930 cubic hectometers) from storage in the Carrizo. Additional amounts of slightly saline water are available from the major aquifers. Smaller but undetermined amounts of fresh ground water are available from the Sparta and Queen City aquifers and from the Reklaw Formation. Properly constructed wells in the Wilcox and Carrizo aquifers can be expected to yield more than 500 gallons per minute (32 liters per second) if the wells are properly spaced. Development of additional resources around the city of Henderson and the Mount Enterprise Fault System should be considered cautiously because of the probability of saltwater encroachment. Ground water in other parts of the county is practically undeveloped. Some mineralization of ground water is due to natural causes. Other mineralization of ground water is due to contamination. A program needs to be initiated to determine the extent and cause of mineralization that has taken place in freshwater sands. Water-quality data is needed at Henderson in order to monitor saltwater encroachment.
Texas↗
Effects of ground-water development in the North Fort Hood area, Coryell County, Texas
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is studying the adequacy of the existing ground-water supplies of North Fort Hood, located in Coryell County in central Texas and an important part of the U.S. Army's Fort Hood Military Reservation. The U.S. Geological Survey was requested to compile the available ground-water data, collect additional data, and assess the effects of the long-term development of ground water in the North Fort Hood area. Nearly all ground water in the North Fort Hood area is withdrawn from the Hensell and Hosston Members of the Travis Peak Formation. The total average annual rates of ground-water withdrawals, mostly for public supply, has steadily increased from nearly 0.5 million gallons per day during 1955 to mare than 1.5 million gallons per day during 1980. The principal effect of the long-term development of ground water in the area has been a large decline of water levels in wells. The water level in a well near Narth Fort Hood declined from a depth of 100 feet during 1943 to nearly 480 feet during 1982. The water level in a well at Gatesville was above ground level during 1898. A nearby well had a water level of 476 feet below land surface during 1982. The long-term average of water-level declines for wells in the area ranges from 8 to more than 9 feet per year. The historical confined (artesian) conditions of the principal aquifer have changed to water-table conditions in some areas as the artesian head 9 drops below the base of the confining layer due to pumping. The greater storage property of the unconfined system will decrease the rate of water-level declines. However, well yields will continue to decrease in relation to the general decline of hydraulic head in the aquifer. The ground water in the area is slightly saline and concentrations of some constituents generally exceed chemical-quality limits set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for public water supplies. Hie historical chemical changes in the ground water generally are insignificant and appear unrelated to the large declines of water levels in wells of the area.
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An evaluation of the use of drillers' logs in lithologic studies of the Ogallala Formation of the southern high plains of Texas, progress report, 1970-71
Logs made by water-well drillers were analyzed in conjunction with test-hole drilling and geophysical logging to evaluate usefulness of the driller's log in delineating areas that would be suitable for artificial recharge of the Ogallala Formation. This preliminary study indicates that lack of detailed and accurate information in many drillers' logs prevents their use as a reliable source of lithologic information. For many applications, such as evaluation of potential areas for artificial recharge, the value of more complete and more accurate information will be readily apparent as these applications become more widespread. More effort will be required in collecting lithologic information as part of the drilling operations.
Texas↗