Rowan W. Gould | Geology Reports

USGS1995

Prerelease disease treatment with potassium permanganate for Fall Chinook salmon smolts

Standard potassium permanganate treatment (2 mg KMnO 4 /L freshwater for 1 h on three consecutive days) was applied to presmolts (parr) and smolts of fall chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ). Smoltification was determined by gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity. Treatments were conducted 73, 59, 45, 31, 16, and 2 d prior to full-strength seawater entry in aquaria. Potassium permanganate did not affect either growth or survival in seawater over 25 d. We observed a delayed rise in gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in fish treated 16 d prior to seawater entry.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗

USGS1982

Freshwater aspects of anadromous salmonid enhancement

Freshwater enhancement of anadromous salmonid populations has been practiced in the United States and Canada since the late 1800's. Reduction of natural spawning habitat and increasing fishing pressure make artificial enhancement a possible alternative to declining populations. Enhancement of anadromous salmonids involved improvement of the natural environment and reducing natural mortality. Methods of enhancement include fishways, spawning and rearing channels, stream rehabilitation, lake fertilization, environmental management, and artificial propagation techniques. Five Pacific salmon species and steelhead trout are commonly enhanced, primarily in watershed entering the Pacific Ocean and Great Lakes. Enhancement efforts contribute heavily to a commercial and sport industry realizing over $1.5 billion.

NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular↗