Geology Reports⌕ Search

Geology topics

R. M. Batson

Publications and source records attributed to R. M. Batson.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
USGS1972

Geologic setting of the Apollo 15 samples

The samples and photographs returned from the Apollo 15 site show that Hadley Delta is largely underlain by breccias whose clasts are mainly fragments of coarse-grained feldspathic rocks and nonmare-type basalt. Conspicuous sets of lineaments, visible in surface and orbital photographs of Mount Hadley and Hadley Delta, may represent systematic layering or fracture sets. The mare surface, with regolith about 5 meters thick, is underlain by two major basalt types, at least one of which has extensive lateral continuity and is exposed in the upper wall of Hadley Rille. Gradual erosional recession of the edges and filing of the interior of the rille by talus have contributed to the present cross sectional profile.

Science↗
USGS1972

Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 15 landing site

The Apollo 15 lunar module (LM) landed at longitude 03°39'20'' E, latitude 26°26'00'' N on the mare surface of Palus Putredinis on the eastern edge of the Imbrium Basin. The site is between the Apennine Mountain front and Hadley Rille. The objectives of the mission, in order of decreasing priority, were description and sampling of three major geologic features—the Apennine Front, Hadley Rille, and the mare.

Book chapter↗
USGS1972

Preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 16 landing site

The Apollo 16 landing site in the lunar central highlands encompassed terra plains and adjacent mountainous areas of hilly and furrowed terra. These morphologic units, representing important terrane types in the lunar highlands, had been interpreted as volcanic on most premission geologic maps. However, it became apparent during the mission that there are indeed few or no volcanic rocks or landforms at the site but rather that the area is underlain by a wide variety of impact-generated breccias.

Book chapter↗
USGS1969

Geologic setting of the lunar samples returned by the Apollo 11 mission

The Apollo 11 LM landed approximately 20 km south-southwest of the crater Sabine D in the southwestern part of Mare Tranquillitatis ( fig. 3-1 ). The landing site is 41.5 km north-northeast of the western promontory of the Kant Plateau (ref. 3-1 ), which is the nearest highland region. The Surveyor 5 spacecraft is approximately 25 km north-northwest of the Apollo 11 landing site, and the impact crater formed by Ranger 8 is 68 km northeast of the landing site.

Book chapter↗
USGS1969

Television observations from Surveyor

Five successful Surveyor spacecraft landed on the Moon between June 1966 and January 1968 and returned over 87,000 pictures from the lunar surface. Surveyors I, III, V, and VI landed on mare surfaces; Surveyor VII landed in the southern highlands on the flank of the crater Tycho, the youngest, large bright-ray crater on the Moon.

Book chapter↗
USGS1968

Chapter 3: Television observations from Surveyor VI

Surveyor VI landed on the lunar surface at 01:01:05 GMT on day 314 (November 10, 1967) in the southwestern part of Sinus Medii near the center of the visible face of the Moon. Over 30,000 pictures were transmitted from the spacecraft during the first lunar day of operation. The number of pictures taken by Surveyor VI almost equals the total number of pictures returned from the previous Surveyor missions combined. The pictures were received at the Goldstone, California, Canberra, Australia, and Madrid, Spain, tracking stations of the Deep Space Network.

Book chapter↗
USGS1968

Chapter 3: Television observations from Surveyor VII

Surveyor VII, the last spacecraft of the Surveyor series, successfully landed at 01:05:36 GMT, January 10, 1968, on the outer rim flank of the large crater Tycho, in the southern part of the Moon. The spacecraft landed about 30 hours after local lunar sunrise and transmitted about 21,000 pictures during the remainder of the first lunar day of operation. On January 22, after local sunset, almost 700 pictures were taken of the Earth, the Sun's corona and parts of the lunar surface illuminated by earthlight. On February 12, Surveyor VII was revived for operation on the second lunar day approximately 120 hours after local lunar sunrise. The camera was then operated in the 200-line (low-resolution) mode because of loss in horizontal sweep in the 600-line (high-resolution) mode. About 45 pictures were taken in the 200-line mode during the second lunar day before loss of power caused suspension of camera operation.

Book chapter↗
USGS1967

Surveyor V: Television pictures

Surveyor V landed in a small crater, 8.5 meters wide and 12.5 meters long, which was probably formed by drainage of surficial fragmental debris into a subsurface fissure. The lunar surface debris layer is exposed in the walls of this crater. At depths below about 10 centimeters, the debris appears to be composed mainly of shock-compressed aggregates, ranging from a few millimeters up to 3 centimeters in diameter, set in a matrix of less-coherent finer particles. Rocky chips and fragments larger than a millimeter are dispersed as a subordinate constituent of the debris.

Science↗
USGS1967

Chapter III: Television observations from Surveyor V

Surveyor V landed on the lunar surface at 00:46:44 GMT on Day 254 (September 11), 35 hr after local sunrise on the moon. Between the time of landing and lunar sunset, 13 days later, it transmitted more than 18,000 high-quality television pictures of the lunar surface and parts of the spacecraft. The Surveyor V camera was operated extensively from the Goldstone, California, and Canberra, Australia, Tracking Stations of the Deep Space Network; some pictures were also received at the Madrid, Spain, Tracking Station.

Book chapter↗
USGS1967

Chapter III: Television observations from Surveyor III

Surveyor III landed on the lunar surface at 00:04 GMT, on Day 110 (April 20), 1967, approximately 23 h after local sunrise on the moon. The television camera was turned on about 1 h after touchdown, and 6315 pictures were taken during the remainder of the lunar day. The camera was operated extensively for the first period of lunar visibility from the Goldstone Tracking Station of the Deep Space Network (DSN) and, except on Day 115 (April 25), on each successive Goldstone pass of the moon. During this period, the sun rose from an elevation angle of 11 deg in the east to within 3 deg of the zenith and then sank almost due west of the spacecraft. Many pictures were obtained of the illuminated eastern horizon in the period immediately preceding sunset. In addition to those received at the Goldstone station, some were obtained at the Canberra, Australia, station of the DSN.

Book chapter↗