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Mustafa M. Mawad

Publications and source records attributed to Mustafa M. Mawad.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Drilling results at the Farah Garan ancient mine, southwestern Saudi Arabia

The Farah Garan ancient mine is located at fat 17?41'00'' N., long 43?38'15'' E. in the southwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Three diamond drill holes intersected base-metal sulfides, which are present both as conformable layers in Precambrian tuffaceous volcanic rocks and as fracture fillings, irregularly shaped masses, disseminations, and clots in intensely hydrothermally altered and brecciated fault zones. The sulfides probably formed through volcanic processes in a shallow-marine environment and subsequently were greatly modified by tectonism and hydrothermal activity. Drill hole F.G.-1 intersected sparse base and precious metal minerals along a length of 30 m; several narrow, isolated zones contain as much as 22 grams per metric ton (g/t) silver, 1.25 percent copper, and 3.10 percent zinc. Drill hole F.G.-2 intersected low-grade base and precious metal minerals along a length of 50 m. Within this zone, a 10-m interval contains an average of 0.15 g/t gold, 10.7 g/t silver, and 0.86 percent zinc. Drill hole F.G.-3 cut commercial-grade base and precious metal minerals in a 3.55-m interval that contains an average of 20.06 g/t gold, 32.75 g/t silver, and 6.28 percent zinc. Additional exploration, including drilling and laboratory studies, is recommended to further define potential tonnages of base and precious metals intersected in drill hole F.G.-3 and to learn more about their genesis and mineral form. Arsenic and antimony are locally abundant in both drillcore and surface samples. Because of its weathering characteristics, mobility, and association with precious metals, arsenic commonly is a pathfinder for gold. Approximately 1,100 splits of surface samples collected in the Farah Garan area are stored at the Directorate General of Mineral Resources-U. S. Geological Survey chemical laboratory in Jiddah, and any further exploration should include assaying these samples for arsenic and antimony by wet-chemical analysis ?

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Preliminary sulfur isotope investigations of mineral deposits in the Precambrian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Massive sulfide deposits and sulfide-bearing veins in Saudi Arabia show a wide range in δ 34 S values from very negative to strongly positive and cover almost the entire range observed for ore deposits in nature. Massive sulfide deposits that have very negative values (Wadi Wassat and Wadi Qatan) formed as syngenetic sedimentary deposits in stagnant, euxinic basins. Deposits that have large positive values (Khnaiguiyah and Al Amar) were formed by sea water hydrothermal systems. Gold- and silver-bearing veins whose δ 34 S values fall near 0 permil (Mand adh Dhahab and Samrah) are believed to have derived both sulfur and metals from magmatic sources. Massive sulfide deposits whose δ 34 S values range from slightly negative to slightly positive (Kutam, Al Masane, Wadi Bidah, and Jabal Sayid) are thought to have been formed largely from sea water hydrothermal systems, though deep-seated contributions of sulfur cannot be ruled out. Some deposits in this group (Nuqrah and AT Ridayniyah) appear to have derived their sulfur from volcanic exhalative sources.

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Geology and mineral evaluation of the Wadi Bidah district, southern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Wadi Bidah district in southwest Saudi Arabia contains several ancient mines and mineral-prospects. The Precambian rocks of the district are steeply dipping and highly folded and faulted. They are divided into three major units: (1) older metavolcanic rocks, (2) metasedimentary rocks, and (3) younger metavolcanic rocks. Massive sulfide-type deposits show stratigraphic control and are found in metasedimentary rocks and in the younger metavolcanic rocks. There appears to be a close genetic relationship between the sulfide deposits and volcanism. Deposits containing copper, zinc, gold, and silver are indicated by geologic mapping and by shallow diamond drill holes in two of the ancient mine localities. The ore estimate for the district is 2.55 million short tons computed to depths that range from 79 to 150 meters. It seems probable that deeper drilling of the indicated deposits and drilling of other outlined target areas would add substantially to the ore reserves.

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