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Michael J. Smigaj

Publications and source records attributed to Michael J. Smigaj.

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Water resources data for Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C, water year 2002, Volume 2. ground-water data

Water resources data for the 2002 water year for Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C. consist of records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report (Volume 2. Ground-Water Data) contains water levels at 379 observation wells, discharge records for 4 springs, and water quality at 122 wells. Locations of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 5 and 6. Locations of groundwater- quality sites are shown on figure 7. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C.

Water Data Report↗

Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 2001, volume 2. ground-water data

Water resources data for the 2001 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report (Volume 2. Ground-Water Data) contains water levels at 379 observation wells, discharge records for 5 springs, and water quality at 238 wells and 10 springs. Locations of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 5 and 6. Locations of groundwater- quality sites are shown on figure 7. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.

Water Data Report↗

Ground-water quality and discharge to Chincoteague and Sinepuxent Bays adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Serviceó Assateague Island National Seashore, conducted a study of the transport of nutrients in ground water in the surficial aquifer to estuaries adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore. The study area includes Assateague Island, Chincoteague and Sinepuxent Bays, and the surface-water drainage basins of the bays. The purpose of the study was to describe ground-water-flow paths that carry freshwater to Chincoteague and Sinepuxent Bays and their tributary streams, and to collect water-quality data, particularly nutrient concentrations, associated with these fresh-water inputs. Twenty-eight ground-water monitoring wells were drilled and constructed in the surficial aquifer and underlying confining bed within the study area to collect water-level and water-quality data at various depths. Base flow was measured and water-quality samples were collected at 17 non-tidal streams within the study area during the winters of 1999 and 2000 to determine the nutrient concentrations being transported to the coastal bays from each stream. Ground-water-flow paths in the surficial aquifer are highly variable in length, ranging from less than 500 feet to longer than 5 miles. Many of the shorter flow paths end by discharging ground water as base flow to both the nontidal and tidal sections of streams, whereas longer flow paths end by discharging ground water directly to Chincoteague Bay or the Atlantic Ocean. Travel-times inferred from sulfur hexafluoride gas analyses for ground water following shorter flow paths before discharging to a stream range from less than 1 year to as long as 5 years. Ground water flowing along longer flow paths may take 30 years or more to reach the discharge point at the end of the flow path. Dissolved ammonia and dissolved nitrate are the dominant nutrients in ground water in the study area. Ammonia concentrations as high as 23.4 milligrams per liter as nitrogen were detected in anoxic ground-water samples. Nitrate concentrations in ground-water samples collected from wells ranged from below 0.05 milligram per liter as nitrogen to 15.5 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and were highest in oxic ground water. Ammonia is less mobile in ground water than nitrate, so if it remains in the reduced state, transport to the discharge zones would be slower. Nitrate concentrations in samples of stream base flow ranged from below 0.05 milligram per liter as nitrogen to 5.28 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and showed a significant, positive correlation with the percentage of the stream basin area used to cultivate row crops. The majority of base-flow nitrate concentrations were above 0.4 milligram per liter as nitrogen, the upper limit of the level found in natural waters in the study area, which indicates that the water quality of stream base flow at most sampled stream sites in the study area is affected by anthropogenic activities. Previous U.S. Geological Survey estimates of ground-water nitrate loads to Chincoteague and Sinepuxent Bays assumed an average stream base-flow nitrate concentration of 0.72 milligram per liter as nitrogen. The average stream base-flow nitrate concentration in samples collected during this study was 1.75 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. In addition, the presence of ammonia and organic nitrogen in stream base-flow samples may have implications for the eutrophication of the coastal bays, as these nitrogen species are available as nutrients to microorganisms and plants.

Maryland↗

Water resources data Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2000, volume 2. ground-water data

Water resources data for the 2000 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report (Volume 2. Ground-Water Data) contains water levels at 347 observation wells, discharge records for 5 springs, and water quality at 225 wells, 13 piezometers, and 4 springs. Locations of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 5 and 6. Locations of ground-water-quality sites are shown on figure 7. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.

Water Data Report↗

Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 1999, volume 2. ground-water data

Water resources data for the 1999 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report (Volume 2. Ground-Water Data) contains water levels at 395 observation wells, discharge records for 6 springs and water quality at 1 spring, 186 wells, and 27 streambed piezometers. Locations of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 5 and 6. Locations of ground-water-quality sites are shown on figure 7. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.

Water Data Report↗

Water resources data, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 1998, volume 2. ground-water data

Water resources data for the 1998 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report (Volume 2. Ground-Water Data) contains water levels at 393 observation wells, discharge records for 6 springs and water quality at 290 wells and 23 streambed piezometers. Locations of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 5 and 6. Locations of ground-water-quality sites are shown on figure 7. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.

Water Data Report↗

Water resources data, Maryland and Delaware, water year 1997, volume 2. ground-water data

The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Maryland and Delaware each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the U.S. Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled 'Water Resources Data - Maryland and Delaware.' This series of annual reports for Maryland and Delaware began with the 1961 water year with a report that contained only data relating to the quantities of surface water. For the 1964 water year, a similar report was introduced that contained only data relating to water quality. Beginning with the l975 water year, the report format was changed to present, in one volume, data on quantities of surface water, quality of surface and ground water, and ground-water levels. In the 1989 water year, the report format was changed to two volumes. Both volumes contained data on quantities of surface water, quality of surface and ground water, and ground-water levels. Volume 1 contained data on the Atlantic Slope Basins (Delaware River thru Patuxent River) and Volume 2 contained data on the Monongahela and Potomac River basins. Beginning with the 1991 water year, Volume 1 contains all information on quantities of surface water and surface- water-quality data and Volume 2 contains ground-water levels and ground-water-quality data. This report is Volume 2 in our 1998 series and includes records of water levels and water quality of ground-water wells and springs. It contains records for water levels at 397 observation wells, discharge data for 6 springs, and water quality at 107 wells. Location of ground-water level wells are shown on figures 3 and 4. The location for the ground-water-quality sites are shown on figures 5. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware. Prior to introduction of this series and for several water years concurrent with it, water resources data for Maryland and Delaware were published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers. Data on water levels for the 1935 through 1974 water years were published under the title 'Ground-Water Levels in the United States.' The above mentioned Water-Supply Papers may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities of the United States and may be purchased from the Branch of Information Services, Federal Center, Bldg. 41, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0286. Publications similar to this report are published annually by the Geological Survey for all States. These official Survey reports have an identification number consisting of the two-letter State abbreviation, the last two digits of the water year, and the volume number. For example, this volume is identified as 'U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report MD-DE-98-2.' For archiving and general distribution, the reports for l971- 74 water years also are identified as water data reports. These water-data reports are for sale in paper copy or in microfiche by the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Additional information, including current prices, for ordering specific reports may be obtained from the District Chief at the address given on the back of the title page or by telephone (410)238-4200.

Water Data Report↗