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M. Tatsumoto

Publications and source records attributed to M. Tatsumoto.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
USGS1980

Lu-hf total-rock isochron for the eucrite meteorites

The isotope 176Lu (2.6% of natural lutetium) decays by ??- to 176Hf, with a long half life. We present here the first Lu-Hf isochron. The eucrite meteorites, a suite of planetary igneous rocks of known age, 4,550 Myr, define a 10-point total-rock isochron with a slope of 0.0934 ?? 40, leading to a value of 3.53 ?? 0.14 ??1010yr for the ??--decay half life of 176Lu. The isochron intercept of 0.27973 ?? 12 gives the initial 176Hf/177Hf for the inner Solar System at the time of accretion. ?? 1980 Nature Publishing Group.

Nature↗
USGS1979

Samarium-neodymium systematics in kimberlites and in the minerals of garnet lherzolite inclusions

The initial ratios of neodymium-143 to neodymium-144 in kimberlites ranging in age between 90 × 10 6 to 1300 × 10 6 years from South Africa, India, and the United States are different from the corresponding ratios in the minerals of peridotite inclusions in the kimberlites but are identical to the ratios in the basaltic achondrite Juvinas at the times of emplacement of the respective kimberlite pipes. This correlation between the kimberlites and Juvinas, which represents the bulk chondritic earth in rare-earth elements, strongly indicates that the kimberlite's source in the mantle is chondritic in rare-earth elements and relatively primeval in composition.

Science↗
USGS1978

Isotopic composition of lead in oceanic basalt and its implication to mantle evolution

New data are given in this report for (1) Pb isotopic compositions and U, Th, and Pb concentrations of basalts from the island of Hawaii; (2) redetermined Pb isotopic compositions of some abyssal tholeiites; and (3) U, Th, and Pb concentrations of altered and fresh abyssal basalts, and basalt genesis and mantle evolution are discussed. The Th/U ratios of abyssal and Japanese tholeiites are distinctly lower than those of tholeiites and alkali basalts from other areas. It is thought that these low values reflect a part of the mantle depleted in large ionic lithophile elements. Thus a mantle evolution model is presented, in which Th/U ratios of the depleted zone in the mantle have decreased to ∼2, and U/Pb ratios have increased, showing an apparent ∼1.5-b.y. isochron trend in the 207 Pb/ 204 Pb vs. 206 Pb/ 204 Pb plot. The Pb isotopic compositions of basalts from the island of Hawaii are distinct for each of the five volcanoes, and within each volcano, Pb's of tholeiites and alkali basalts are similar. An interaction between partially melted material (hot plume?) of the asthenosphere and the lithosphere is suggested to explain the trend in the Pb isotopic compositions of Hawaiian basalts.

Earth and Planetary Science Letters↗
USGS1977

History of the Pasamonte achondrite: Relative susceptibility of the SmNd, RbSr, and UPb systems to metamorphic events

The Rb Sr, Sm Nd, and U Pb systematics of the eucrite Pasamonte have been studied in order to investigate the relative susceptibility of the different systems to post-crystallization events and to determine the age and history of the meteorite. The Rb Sr and 238 U- 206 Pb data of mineral separates do not define an isochron but the Sm Nd data define an internal isochron which corresponds to the formation age of 4.58 ± 0.12b.y. (10 9 years). The 207 Pb- 206 Pb data of mineral separates define an apparent age of 4.53 ± 0.03b.y. , however we conclude that this age, while in agreement with the Sm Nd age, is not strictly valid since the U Pb data indicate at least three stages of evolution. The U Pb data indicate that the parent body of the meteorite experienced brecciation shortly after the formation of the parent body surface ( ∼4.2–4.45b.y. ago) and a recent disturbance (collision?) 6 ± 30m.y. ago. The latter age is within the range of cosmic ray exposure ages for achondrites.

Earth and Planetary Science Letters↗
USGS1976

U-Th-Pb and Rb-Sr systematics of Allende and U-Th-Pb systematics of Orgueil

U-Th-Pb systematics study of Allende inclusions showed that U, Th and Sr concentrations in Ca, Al (pyroxene)-rich chondrules and white and pinkish-white aggregate separates of Allende are five to ten times higher than those of the matrix, whereas Mg (olivine)-rich chondrules have U and Th concentrations about twice as high as the matrix. Th concentrations are extremely high in white aggregates and in pinkish-white (spinel-rich) aggregates while U and Sr concentrations in white aggregates are more than twice as high as those in pinkish-white aggregates. Large enrichment of these refractory elements in the white aggregates indicates that they contain high-temperature condensates from the solar nebula. The Pb concentrations in the inclusions are less than half of those in the whole rock and matrix, indicating that the matrix is a lower-temperature condensate. The isotopic composition of lead in the matrix is less radiogenic than that of the whole meteorite, whereas lead in Ca- and Al-rich chondrules and aggregates is extremely radiogenic. The 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio reaches as high as 55.9 in a white aggregate separate. The lead of Mg-rich chondrules is moderately radiogenic and the 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio ranges from 18 to 26. A striking linear relationship exists among leads in the chondrules, aggregates and matrix on the 207 Pb/ 204 Pb vs 204 Pb/ 204 Pb plot. The slope of the best fit line is 0.6188 ± 0.0016, yielding an isochron age of 4553 ± 4 m.y. The regression line passes through primordial lead values obtained from Canyon Diablo troilite. The data, when corrected for Canyon Diablo troilite Pb and plotted on a U-Pb concordia diagram, show that the pink and white aggregates and the Ca-Al-rich and Mg-rich inclusions have excess Pb and define a chord which intersects the concordia curve at 4548 ± 25 m.y. and 107 ± 70 m.y. The intercepts might correspond to the agglomeration age of the meteorite and a time of probably later disturbance, respectively. The matrix and some chondrules which contain less radiogenic lead did, however, not fit on the chord. The Rb-Sr data of Allende did not define an isochron suggesting that the Rb-Sr system was also disturbed by a later event, as suggested by the U-Pb concordia data. The lowest observed 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio in Allende inclusions is similar to the initial ratio of the Angra dos Reis achondrite (Papanastassiou, Thesis, 1970). The initial Pb isotopic composition of Orgueil calculated by a single-stage evolution model is more radiogenic than that of Canyon Diablo troilite. To reconcile the U-Pb data of Orgueil and Allende, we propose that the initial lead isotopic composition of the carbonaceous chondrites was slightly different from that of Canyon Diablo troilite Pb.

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta↗
USGS1975

Lead isotope relations in oceanic Ridge basalts from the Juan de Fuca-Gorda Ridge area N.E. Pacific Ocean

Lead isotopic analyses of a suite of basaltic rocks from the Juan de Fuca-Gorda Ridge and nearby seamounts confirm an isotopically heterogeneous mantle known since 1966. The process of mixing during partial melting of a heterogeneous mantle necessarily produces linear data arrays that can be interpreted as secondary isochrons. Moreover, the position of the entire lead isotope array, with respect to the geochron, requires that U/Pb and Th/Pb values are progressively increased over the age of the earth. Partial melting theory also dictates analogous behavior for the other incompatible trace elements. This process explains not only the LIL element character of MOR basalts, but also duplicates the spread of radiogenic lead data collected from alkali-rich oceanic basalts. This dynamic, open-system model of lead isotopic and chemical evolution of the mantle is believed to be the direct result of tectonic flow and convective overturn within the mantle and is compatible with geophysical models of a dynamic earth.

California, Oregon, Washington↗
USGS1975

U-Th-Pb systematics of selected samples from Apollo 17, Boulder 1, Station 2

Nine U-Th-Pb whole-rock analyses of selected brecciated materials from sample 72215 and one analysis of a pigeonite basalt clast from 72275 are presented. Both samples are from Boulder 1, Apollo 17. These data supplement previous Boulder 1 U-Th-Pb analyses of samples 72275 and 72255. U and Th concentrations indicate that most of the samples contain a moderate to large KREEP component. Samples containing the least KREEP are a noritic clast (72255,49; Civet Cat clast) and an anorthositic clast (72275,117). Evidence for the migration of Pb from Pb-rich matrix material into relatively Pb-poor clasts is presented for two clasts. Most of the Boulder 1 data define a linear trend that intersects concordia at ∼ 3.9 and 4.4 b.y. when plotted on a U-Pb concordia diagram. The presence of one anorthositic clast distinctly off this trend indicates that a simple two-stage U-Pb evolution history is inadequate to explain all the data. Accordingly physical significance is only attached to the lower concordia intercept age of 3.9–4.0 b.y. The older concordia intercept age of ∼ 4.4 b.y. is interpreted to reflect an averaging of events both older and younger than 4.4 b.y. The data suggest that significant differentiation and/or metamorphism occurred ∼ 4.2 b.y. ago. The age of this event, however, is not accurately defined by these data.

The Moon↗
USGS1974

U-Th-Pb and Rb-Sr systematics of Apollo 17 boulder 7 from the North Massif of the Taurus-Littrow Valley

Portions of highland breccia boulder 7 collected during the Apollo 17 mission were studied using U Th Pb and Rb Sr systematics. A Rb Sr internal isochron age of 3.89 ± 0.08b.y. with an initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of0.69926 ± 0.00008 was obtained for clast 1 (77135,57) (a troctolitic microbreccia). A troctolitic portion of microbreccia clast 77215,37 yielded a U Pb internal isochron of 3.8 ± 0.2b.y. and an initial 206 Pb/ 207 Pb of 0.69. These internal isochron age are interpreted as reflecting metamorphic events, probably related to impacts, which reset Rb Sr and U Pb mineral systems of older rocks. Six portions of boulder 7 were analyzed for U, Th, and Pb as whole rocks. Two chemical groups appear to be defined by the U, Th, and Pb concentration data. Chemical group A is characterized by U, Th, and Pb concentrations and 238 U/ 204 Pb values which are higher than those of group B. Group A rocks have typical 232 Th/ 238 U ratios of ∼ 3.85, whereas-group B rocks have unusually high Th/U values of ∼ 4.1. Whole-rock U Pb and Pb Pb ages are nearly concordant. Two events appear to be reflected in these data — one at ∼ 4.4 b.y. and one at ∼ 4.5 b.y. The chemical groupings show no correlation with documented ages. The old ages of ∼ 4.4 b.y. and ∼ 4.5 b.y. may, like the younger ∼ 4.0 b.y. ages, be related to basin excavation events.

Earth and Planetary Science Letters↗
USGS1973

Time differences in the formation of meteorites as determined from the ratio of lead-207 to lead-206

Measurements of the lead isotopic composition and the uranium, thorium, and lead concentrations in meteorites were made in order to obtain more precise radiometric ages of these members of the solar system. The newly determined value of the lead isotopic composition of Canyon Diablo troilite is as follows: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 9.307, 207 Pb/ 2O4 Pb = 10.294, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 29.476. The leads of Angra dos Reis, Sioux County, and Nuevo Laredo achondrites are very radiogenic, the 206 Pb/ 204 Pb values are about 200, and the uranium-thorium-lead systems are nearly concordant. The ages of the meteorites as calculated from a single-stage 207 Pb/ 206 Pb isochron based on the newly determined primordial lead value and the newly reported 235 U and 838 U decay constants, are 4.528 x 10 9 years for Sioux County and Nuevo Laredo and 4.555 x 10 9 years for Angra dos Reis. When calculated with the uranium decay constants used by Patterson, these ages are 4.593 x 10 9 years and 4.620 x 10 9 years, respectively, and are therefore 40 to 70 x 10 6 years older than the 4.55 x 10 9 years age Patterson reported. The age difference of 27 x 10 6 years between Angra dos Reis and the other two meteorites is compatible with the difference between the initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio of Angra dos Reis and that of seven basaltic achondrites observed by Papanastassiou and Wasserburg. The time difference is also comparable to that determined by 129 1- 129 Xe chronology. The ages of ordinary chondrites (H5 and L6) range from 4.52 to 4.57 x 10 9 years, and, here too, time differences in the formation of the parent bodies or later metamorphic events are indicated. Carbonaceous chondrites(C2 and C3) appear to contain younger lead components.

Science↗
USGS1970

Age of the moon: An isotopic study of uranium-thorium-lead systematics of lunar samples

Concentrations of U, Th, and Pb in Apollo 11 samples studied are low (U. 0.16 to 0.87; Th, 0.53 to 3.4; Pb, 0.29 to 1.7, in ppm) but the extremely radiogenic lead in samples allows radiometric dating. The fine dust and the breccia have a concordant age of 4.66 billion years on the basis of 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, 206 Pb/ 238 U, 207 Pb/ 235 U, and 208 Pb/ 232 Th ratios. This age is comparable with the age of meteorites and with the age generally accepted for the earth. Six crystalline and vesicular samples are distinctly younger than the dust and breccia. The 238 U/ 235 U ratio is the same as that in earth rocks, and 234 U is in radioactive equilibrium with parent 238 U.

Science↗
USGS1970

UThPb age of Apollo 12 rock 12013

A UThPb isotopic study of three chips from lunar rock 12013 indicates that parental material of the intrusion breccia formed quite early in the moon's history, possibly 3.9 to 4.3 by ago. The UThPb characteristics of the rock are distinctly different from those of other Apollo 12 igneous rocks and suggest a different origin..

Earth and Planetary Science Letters↗
USGS1969

Lead isotopes in volcanic rocks and possible ocean-floor thrusting beneath island arcs

The isotopic composition of lead in the Japanese primary basalts gradually decreases in radiogenic character in a transverse from the Pacific Ocean side to the Japan Sea side, whereas the observed 238 U 204 Pb "> 238U204Pb and 232 Th 204 Pb "> 232Th204Pb ratios in the basalts increase in the same direction. The isotopic composition of lead suggests that tholeiite (Pacific side) is generated at a shallower depth than alkali basalt (Japan Sea side) as postulated by Kuno. The inverse correlation of the 238 U 204 Pb "> 238U204Pb with the 206 Pb 204 Pb "> 206Pb204Pb ratios could be due to preferential Pb extraction with respect to uranium at shallow depths. Alternatively, these geochemical results can be interpreted in terms of the Pacific oceanic rigid plate being underthurst beneath the island arc. The isotopic variation in basalts across the Japanese island arc would result from different proportions of the plate material and the upper mantle of continental side in the partial melt.

Earth and Planetary Science Letters↗
USGS1966

Disequilibrium of the 238U series in basalt

Radioisotope analyses of basalt samples from Hawaii, Japan, and Iwo Jima show that: (1) 234 U and 238 U are virtually in radioactive equilibrium, (2) 230 Th exceeds equilibrium values in all these samples, (3) 210 Pb concentrations range from 10–200% of the equilibrium values and average 30% deficient, and (4) 226 Ra is probably not in equilibrium with 234 U. The source regions of the basalts or magma forming processes are open systems, chemically. The enrichment of some of the uranium-daughter nuclides is insufficient to account for the excess 206 Pb in volcanic rocks. The isotopic composition of lead and specific activity of 210 Pb in sublimates from Showa-shinzan, Japan are also reported.

Hawaii↗
USGS1966

Genetic relations of oceanic basalts as indicated by lead isotopes

The isotopic compositions of lead and the concentrations of lead, uranium, and thorium in samples of oceanic tholeiite and alkali suites are determined, and the genetic relations of the oceanic basalts are discussed. Lead of the oceanic tholeiites has a varying lead-206 : lead-204 ratio between 17.8 and 18.8, while leads of the alkali basalt suites from Easter Island and Guadalupe Island are very radiogenic with lead-206 : lead-204 ratios between 19.3 and 20.4. It is concluded that (i) the isotopic composition of lead in oceanic tholeiite suggests that the upper mantle source region of the tholeiite was differentiated from an original mantle material more than 1 billion years ago and that the upper mantle is not homogeneous at the present time, (ii) less than 20 million years was required for the crystal differentiation within the alkali suite from Easter Island, (iii) no crustal contamination was involved in the course of differentiation of rocks from Easter Island; however, some crustal contamination may have affected Guadalupe Island rocks, and (iv) alkali basalt may be produced from the tholeiite in the oceanic region by crystal differentiation. Alternatively the difference in the isotopic composition of lead in oceanic basalts may be produced by partial melting at different depths of a differentiated upper mantle.

Science↗
USGS1965

Potassium, rubidium, strontium, thorium, uranium, and the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in oceanic tholeiitic basalt

The average concentrations of potassium, rubidium, strontium, thorium, and uranium in oceanic tholeiitic basalt are (in parts per million) K, 1400; Rb, 1.2; Sr, 120; Th, 0.2; and U, 0.1. The ratio Sr 87 to Sr 86 is about 0.702, that of K to U is 1.4 x 10 4 , and of Th to U is 1.8. These amounts of K, Th, U, and radiogenic Sr 87 are less than in other common igneous rocks. The ratios of Th to U and Sr 87 to Sr 86 suggest that the source region of the oceanic tholeiites was differentiated from the original mantle material some time in the geologic past.

Science↗