Geology topics

H.-R. Wenk

Publications and source records attributed to H.-R. Wenk.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

USGS2006

Preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice I ← II transformation and the flow of ice II

The preferred crystallographic orientation developed during the ice I ← II transformation and during the plastic flow of ice II was measured in polycrystalline deuterium oxide (D 2 O) specimens using low-temperature neutron diffraction. Samples partially transformed from ice I to II under a non-hydrostatic stress developed a preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice II. Samples of pure ice II transformed from ice I under a hydrostatic stress and then when compressed axially, developed a strong preferred orientation of compression axes parallel to (10 1 0). A match to the observed preferred orientation using the viscoplastic self-consistent theory was obtained only when (10 1 0) [0001] was taken as the predominant slip system in ice II.

Philosophical Magazine A: Physics of Condensed Mat↗

USGS1998

Phosphovanadylite: a new vanadium phosphate mineral with a zeolite-type structure

Phosphovanadylite, whose simplified formula is (Ba,Ca,K,Na)x([(Va,Al)4P2(P,OH)16].12H2), is a new vanadium phosphate zeolite mineral found in the Phosphoria Formation at Monsanto's Enoch Valley Mine, Soda Springs, Idaho. Its formula in more detail is (Ba0.38Ca0.20K0.006Na0.02)??0.66 [P2(V3.44Al0.046)??3.90O10.34(OH)5.66] .12H2O. The drusy mineral occurs as pale greenish-blue euhedral cubes (20-50 ??m edge) coating phosphatic, organic-rich mudstone. The chemical composition determined by electron microprobe is (in weight percent) V-28.02, P-9.91, Al-1.97, Ca-1.31, Ba-8.28, Cd-0.09, Zn-0.34, Na-0.15, K-0.73, O-46.57, and F-0.03. The index of refraction is nD = 1.566 (4) and specific gravity is 2.16 (3). The X-ray powder pattern shows strong reflections at 3.16 A (422), 2.58 (600), 2.44 (620), and 7.73 (200), which are indexed on the basis of a cubic body-centered unit cell with a = 15.470 (4) A. From the single-crystal structure analysis, its space group was determined to be I43m, Z = 6, and its structure consists of V4O18 16 octahedral clusters linked to each other by P atoms to form a cubic lattice, creating cavities 7.0 and 5.5 A in diameter where mainly H2O resides. Final residual indexes are R = 0.066, Rw = 0.061, goodness-of-fit = 0.75, and 93 observations and 24 parameters.

American Mineralogist↗

USGS1987

Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data

The pattern of lattice preferred orientation (texture) in deformed rocks is an expression of the strain path and the acting deformation mechanisms. A first indication about the strain path is given by the symmetry of pole figures: coaxial deformation produces orthorhombic pole figures, while non-coaxial deformation yields monoclinic or triclinic pole figures. More quantitative information about the strain history can be obtained by comparing natural textures with experimental ones and with theoretical models. For this comparison, a representation in the sensitive three-dimensional orientation distribution space is extremely important and efforts are made to explain this concept. We have been investigating differences between pure shear and simple shear deformation incarbonate rocks and have found considerable agreement between textures produced in plane strain experiments and predictions based on the Taylor model. We were able to simulate the observed changes with strain history (coaxial vs non-coaxial) and the profound texture transition which occurs with increasing temperature. Two natural calcite textures were then selected which we interpreted by comparing them with the experimental and theoretical results. A marble from the Santa Rosa mylonite zone in southern California displays orthorhombic pole figures with patterns consistent with low temperature deformation in pure shear. A limestone from the Tanque Verde detachment fault in Arizona has a monoclinic fabric from which we can interpret that 60% of the deformation occurred by simple shear.

Journal of Structural Geology↗