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G.D. Hargadine

Publications and source records attributed to G.D. Hargadine.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1997

Effects of pumping municipal wells at Manhattan, Kansas, on streamflow in the Big Blue and Kansas Rivers, Northeast Kansas, 1992-94

A ground-water flow model was developed to simulate the effects of municipal well pumping on streamflow in the Big Blue and Kansas Rivers near Manhattan, Kansas, from 1992 through 1994.Model simulations of the effects of municipal well pumping on streamflow in the Big Blue and Kansas Rivers indicate that well pumping decreases streamflow. Simulations of May 1993 conditions indicate that well pumping decreased simulated streamflow in the Big Blue and Kansas Rivers by 5.28 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) for the month, of which 3.22 ft3/s were contributed from the streams (induced infiltration) and 2.06 ft3/s werecontributed from ground water that would have seeped to the streams if the wells had not been pumping (intercepted base flow). Of the total 414acre-feet pumped by municipal wells during May 1993, about 48 percent was from induced infiltration, and about 31 percent was from intercepted base flow. Simulations of October 16 through November 14, 1994, conditions indicate that well pumping decreased simulated streamflow in the Big Blue and Kansas Rivers by 6.67 ft3/s for the period, of which 6.51 ft3/s was from induced infiltration and 0.61 ft3/s was from intercepted base flow. Of the 506 acre-feet pumped by municipal wells during October 16 through November 14, 1994, about 76 percent was induced from infiltration, and about 2 percent was from intercepted base flow. Steady-state simulations of hypothetical conditions were conducted to develop relations among average and minimum ground- water altitudes in the Manhattan municipal well field and precipitation, pumping, and streamflow rates.

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1996

Hydrologic and chemical interaction of the Arkansas River and the Equus Beds aquifer between Hutchinson and Wichita, south-central Kansas

Large chloride concentrations in Arkansas River water have the potential to degrade water quality in the adjacent Equus beds aquifer between Hutchinson and Wichita, Kansas. The aquifer is an important source of water for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic uses. A three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow-model program (MODFLOW) was used with data from past studies and data collected during 1988-91 to simulate aquifer and stream conditions during the late 1930's, during 1940-89, and during 1990-2019. Results of ground-water flow-model simulations indicated that declining water levels in the Equus beds aquifer since the 1940's have caused base flow in the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers to decrease. In 1940, the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers had simulated net base-flow gains within the model area of about 21 and about 67 ft 3 /s (cubic feet per second), respectively. By the end of 1989, the Arkansas River had a simulated net base-flow loss of about 52 ft 3 /s, and the Little Arkansas River had a net base-flow gain of about 27 ft 3 /s. Simulations for 1990-2019 showed that the water-level changes in a selected model cell located in the central part of the Wichita well field could range from -0.2 to -78 feet. Waterlevel changes in a selected model cell located near the Arkansas River could range from +1.3 to -1.2 feet. In model simulations where only pumpage varied, net base-flow loss from the Arkansas River to the aquifer ranged from about 59 ft 3 /s (no increase in pumpage since 1989) to 117 ft 3 /s (a 3-percent per year increase in pumpage since 1989) by 2019. Assuming a chloride concentration of 630 milligrams per liter, the median concentration in Arkansas River water collected during 1988-91, the quantity of chloride discharged from the Arkansas River to the aquifer was estimated to have increased from about 21 tons per day in 1940 to about 100 tons per day in 1989. By 2019, chloride discharge was indicated to range from about 110 tons per day (associated with no increase in pumpage since 1989) to 200 tons per day (associated with a 3-percent per year increase in pumpage since 1989). A particle-tracking program (MODPATH), which used the results from the flow model, was used to simulate the distribution in the aquifer of chloride from the river during the same time periods. Particle-tracking simulations show that, during 1940-89, the simulated distribution of particles representing chloride from the Arkansas River expanded from relatively narrow bands near the river to a wider distribution within the aquifer and the Wichita well field. Particle-tracking simulations indicate that chloride discharge from the Arkansas River may have reached the edge of the Wichita well field as early as 1963.

Kansas↗
USGS1996

Effects of pumping municipal wells at Junction City, Kansas, on streamflow in the Republican River, Northeast Kansas, 1992-94

A digital ground-water flow model was developed to simulate steady-state and transient effects of municipal well pumping from an alluvial aquifer on streamflow in the Republican River near Junction City, Kansas. Seepage survey results indicated that streamflow loss in the vicinity of the municipal well field ranged from 1 to 5 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). Simulations of May 1993 conditions indicate that well pumping decreased simulated streamflow by an average of 3.03 ft3/s for the month, of which 2.45 ft3/s was induced infiltration from the stream and 0.58 ft3/s was intercepted baseflow. Of the total well pumpage for May 1993 (265 acre-feet), about 57 percent was from induced infiltration from the river, about 13 percent was from intercepted base flow, and about 30 percent was from decreased aquifer storage, outflow from the aquifer, evapotranspiration, and increased recharge and inflow to the aquifer. Simulations of November 1994 conditions indicate that well pumping decreased simulated streamflow by an average of 3.15 ft3/s for the month, of which 1.0 ft3/s was contributed from the stream and 2.15 ft3/s was contributed from intercepted base flow. Of the total well pumpage for November 1994 (264 acre-feet), about 22 percent was from induced infiltration from the river, about 48 percent was from intercepted base flow, and about 30 percent was from decreased aquifer storage, outflow from the aquifer, evapotranspiration, and increased recharge and inflow to the aquifer. Steady-state simulations of hypothetical conditions were conducted to develop graphs that show the relations among ground-water levels in the well field, pumping rate, and streamflow.

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1976

Results of infiltration tests near Scott City, western Kansas

Several types of ring infiltrometers were used to determine infiltration rates in loessial soil near Scott City, Kansas. Test results were evaluated for consistency, and were compared with infiltration rates in the underlying loess and with hydraulic conductivities in the unsaturated zone. Average daily infiltration rates in the Richfield soil ranged from 3 to 5 feet or 0.9 to 1.5 m (metres) after 16 days using 22-inch or 560mm (millimetre) ring infiltrometers; 2.3 feet (0.7 m) after 68 days using a 10-inch (250-mm) ring infiltrometer; and from 1.3 to 2.2 feet (0.4 to 0.7 m) after 38 days using double-ring infiltrometers. By comparison, the average daily infiltration rate in the underlying Peoria Loess using a 10-inch (250-mm) ring infiltrometer was about 13 feet (4.0 m) after 7 days. Tests using the double-ring infiltrometer, a paraffin seal in the 22-inch (560-mm) infiltrometer, and the measurement of flow through concentric areas of the soil core indicated that leakage of water between the infiltrometer wall and the soil was not significant. Lateral movement of the wetting front extended radially 4.7 feet (1.4 m) from the infiltrometer wall. Laboratory tests of a soil core indicated that the lowest hydraulic conductivity was in the depth interval from 3.9 to 8.6 inches (99 to 218 mm). Soil in this interval, which coincides with the depth of cultivation, evidently limits the rate of infiltration. Air-permeability tests in the unsaturated deposits gave a hydraulic conductivity of 0.2 foot per day (0.1 m/day) for the depth interval from 57 to 75 feet (17.0 to 23.0 m) as compared to a hydraulic conductivity of 1.9 feet per day (0.6 m/day) for the depth interval from 0 to 5 feet (0 to 1.5 m). A perched water table probably would occur above this interval during prolonged infiltration. Infiltration rates determined from the different types of ring infiltrometers were not consistent, but the tests showed that substantial quantities of water could infiltrate the Richfield soil.

Kansas↗