Quaternary geology of Minnesota and parts of adjacent States
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Geology topics
Publications and source records attributed to Frank Leverett.
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This monograph describes the glacial features and the great glacial lakes of a district in Indiana and Michigan lying between the areas covered by Monographs XXXVIII, and XLI. The glacial features are treated mainly by Mr. Leverett, and the glacial lakes and their moraines by Mr. Taylor. The pre-Wisconsin glacial and interglacial formations are given attention, but the principal subject of discussion is the Wisconsin drift of the Saginaw lobe and the neighboring portions of the Lake Michigan and Huron-Erie lobes.
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A large amount of data on water supplies was collected by the writer in the course of glacial investigations made under the direction of Prof. T. C. Chamberlin in the last five years in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan. These investigations resulted in a partial acquaintance with conditions in about 200 separate flowing-well districts and brought out matters of such exceptional importance that arrangements were made to extend them by examining each of the flowing-well districts in the State sufficiently to determine its essential characteristics, present state of development, and probable capacity for future development. It was arranged also that the quality of various classes of water, both surface and underground, as well as water supplies of, cities and villages, should be given attention. As the mineral waters of the State had already been discussed in some detail by the State geologist, Dr. A. C. Lane, in Water-Supply Paper No. 31 of the United States Geological Survey, it was deemed unnecessary to prepare another report on that subject, but arrangements were made with Doctor Lane for embodying in this report the large amount of material which had accumulated at his office relative to other classes of water supply, and also for furnishing reports on certain counties in which special investigations had been carried on by the State survey. The results of all these studies, so far as they apply to the middle- and northern counties (see fig. 1, on next page), are embodied in the present report; the remainder appears in a companion report on the southern counties of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan.
A large amount of data on water supplies was collected by the writer in the course of glacial investigations made under the direction of Prof. T. C. Chamberlin in the last five years in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan. These investigations resulted in a partial acquaintance with conditions in about 200 separate flowing-well districts and brought out matters of such exceptional importance that arrangements were made to extend them by examining each of the flowing-well districts in the State sufficiently to determine its essential characteristics, present state of development, and probable capacity for future development. It was arranged also that the quality of various classes of waters, both surface and underground, as well as water supplies of the cities and villages, should be given attention. As the mineral waters of the State had already been discussed in some detail by the State geologist, Dr. A. C. Lane, in Water-Supply Paper No. 31 of the United States Geological Survey, it was deemed unnecessary to prepare another report on that subject, but arrangements were made with Doctor Lane for embodying in this report the large amount of material which had accumulated at his office relative to other classes of water supply, and also for furnishing reports on certain counties in which special investigations had been carried on by the State survey. The results of all these studies, so far as they apply to the southern counties (see fig. 1), are embodied in the present report; the remainder will appear in a companion report on the middle and northern counties of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan.
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The completion of this volume marks the revival of extended systematic investigation of the hydrography of the United State. This book is, in effect, the ninth annual report of what has been known as the Irrigation Survey. Its preparation and publication has been made possible by the act of June 11, 1896 (Stat. L., vol. 29, p. 436), which enlarged the scope of the work and authorized the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources of arid and semiarid sections. For some years before this date the sums available for hydrographic work were so small that it was practicable merely to continue observations at previously established stations, compute discharges, and compile for publication the data accumulated in the office.