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C.W. Bonnet

Publications and source records attributed to C.W. Bonnet.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1989

Approximate altitude of water levels in wells in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston area, Texas, spring 1989

This report shows the altitudes of water levels in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston metropolitan area, Texas. Of the 425 wells measured, 307 were used to construct the maps of potentiometric surface. The Chicot and Evangeline aquifers are composed of several sand layers, each with a separate potentiometric surface. These maps, however, show a single potentiometric surface which represents the collective water levels for the sand layers comprising each aquifer. Maps showing the altitudes of water levels have been published in many reports on ground-water development in the Houston area, the most recent of which (Gabrysch and others, 1988) presented maps of the altitudes of potentiometric surfaces for 1988.

Texas↗
USGS1989

Approximate water-level changes in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1977-89 and 1988-89, and measured compaction, 1973-89, in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas

This report presents data on water-level changes in the Chinot and Evangeline aquifers during 1977-89 and 1988-89 and data on measured compaction during 1973-89. Measurements of water level in 307 wells were used to construct the maps showing water-level changes. Compaction data were obtained from 12 wells equipped with compaction monitors at 11 sites.

Texas↗
USGS1987

Records of wells, drillers' logs, water-level measurements, and chemical analyses of ground water in Harris and Galveston Counties, Texas, 1980-84

Information on major new water wells in Harris and Galveston Counties was compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1980 to 1984. This report presents the results of the hydro!ogic data collection on new large-capacity and other selected wells, including well location and completion data, drillers 1 logs of the strata penetrated, water levels, and chemical quality of the produced water. These water-well data are supplementary to similar data on older wells in these counties and to descriptive evaluations of the ground-water resources which have been published previously.

Texas↗
USGS1987

Development of ground-water resources in the Orange County area, Texas and Louisiana, 1980-Spring of 1985

This report updates ground-water information pertaining to the lower unit of the Chicot aquifer in the Orange County area, Texas and Louisiana. The period of data collection was from 1980 to the spring of 1985. Some data collected prior to 1980 are presented to establish long-term trends and relations. The lower unit of the Chicot aquifer, which consists of sediments of Pleistocene age, is confined and underlies all of the study area. The base of the aquifer ranges from about 400 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 in the northwestern part of the county to about 1,000 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 in the southeastern part. The lower unit of the Chicot aquifer is the main source of freshwater for several cities, communities, industries, housing subdivisions, and individual homeowners in Orange County. The total pumpage from the lower unit of the Chicot aquifer in Orange County decreased from a historical maximum of 23.1 million gallons per day during 1972 to an estimated 15.2 million gallons per day during 1984. The average industrial pumpage during 1980-84, 10.5 million gallons per day, decreased substantially when compared to 1963-79, when an average of 15.6 million gallons per day was withdrawn. This is in contrast to municipal pumpage that increased from an average withdrawal of 5.3 million gallons per day during 1963-79 to 7.3 million gallons per day during 1980-84. The use of surface water decreased from a peak withdrawal of 58.1 million gallons per day during 1981 to 41.4 million gallons per day during 1984. From the spring of 1980 to the spring of 1985, water levels in the lower unit of the Chicot aquifer in the Orange County area ranged from rises of as much as 14 feet to declines of as much as about 3 feet. Water levels rose throughout most of the area. The greatest rise in water levels occurred in and near the city of Orange, whereas the greatest decline occurred northwest of Vidor. Most of the water in the lower unit of the Chicot aquifer is fresh, but the water quality can vary greatly within short distances. Chloride concentrations determined during 1980-84 ranged from 10 to 1,700 milligrams per liter. The larger chloride concentrations were measured where salinewater coning and updip migration are occurring. In general, chloride concentrations remained constant during 1980-84. A relation exists between chloride concentrations and specific conductance. It was determined that chloride concentrations (milligrams per liter) generally can be estimated by multiplying specific-conductance values (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °Celsius) by 0.29 when the specific conductance is between 500 and 5,600 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °Celsius.

Louisiana, Texas↗
USGS1982

Development of ground-water resources in Orange County, Texas, and adjacent areas in Texas and Louisiana, 1971-80

Pumpage in Orange County from the lower unit of the Chicot aquifer averaged 21.2 million gallons per day (0.93 cubic meter per second) and pumpage from the upper unit of the Chicot averaged about 2 million gallons per day (0.088 cubic meter per second) from 1971-79. Annual pumpage increased in municipal areas and decreased in industrial areas with little net change in total annual pumpage during the report period. The major water-bearing unit in the study area is the Chicot aquifer, which overlies the Evangeline aquifer. The Evangeline aquifer is undeveloped in Orange County, but is developed at Evadale in Jasper County, Texas, and at Silsbee in Hardin County, Texas. Both aquifers consist of unconsolidated and discontinuous layers of sand and clay that gently dip toward the Gulf of Mexico. Water levels in Orange County tended to stabilize or rise in areas where ground-water withdrawals decreased. Elsewhere in Orange County, most water levels continued to decline, generally at a slower rate than before 1971. Bench-mark elevations determined during 1973 show regional land-surface subsidence from 1918-73, generally attributed to ground-water development, to be less than 0.5 foot (0.15 meter). Locally, subsidence due to production of oil, gas, saltwater, or sulfur was about 15 feet (4.6 meters) at Spindletop Dome, Jefferson County, Texas, and as much as 3 feet (1.0 meter) near Port Acres gas field, Jefferson County, Texas. Although saltwater encroachment is evident in parts of southern Orange County, the encroachment is not expected to be detrimental if the ground-water pumping remains stable and the projected increase in demands for water is met with surface-water supplies.

Louisiana, Texas↗
USGS1976

Land-surface subsidence in the area of Moses Lake near Texas City, Texas

Removal of water, oil, and gas from the subsurface in Harris and Galveston Counties has caused declines in fluid pressures, which in turn have resulted in subsidence of the land surface. Subsidence of the land surface at Moses Lake in due principally to the removal of ground water in adjacent areas. Significant subsidence of the land surface at Moses Lake began after 1900, and as much as 1.8 feet of subsidence had occurred in the ara by 1973. Probable future subsidence was calculated by two methods for two loading situations. In the first loading situation, the artesian head in the middle Chicot aquifer, in the Alta Loma Sand (Rose, 1943), and in the Evangeline aquifer would continue to decline at respective rates of 1, 3, and 3 feet per year until 1980 and then cease. In the second loading situation, the artesian head in the middle Chicot aquifer, in the Alta Loma Sand, and in the Evangeline aquifer would continue to decline at respective rates of 1, 3, and 3 feet per year until 1990 and then cease.

Texas↗
USGS1974

Land-surface subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas

The pumping of large amounts of ground water in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, has resulted in water-level declines of as much as 200 feet (61 metres) in wells completed in the Chicot aquifer and as much as 325 feet (99 metres) in wells completed in the Evangeline aquifer during 1943-73. The maximum annual rates of decline for 1943-73 were 6.7 feet (2.0 metres) in the Chicot aquifer and 10.8 feet (3.3 metres) in the Evangeline aquifer. During 1964-73, the maximum rates were 10 feet (3.0 metres) in the Chicot and 17.8 feet (5.4 metres) in the Evangeline. The declines in artesian pressures have resulted in pronounced regional subsidence of the land surface. The center of subsidence is at Pasadena, where as much as 7.5 feet (2.3 metres) of subsidence occurred between 1943 and 1973. More than 1.0 foot (0.3 metre) of subsidence occurred at Pasadena between 1906 and 1943. The maximum amount of subsidence during 1964-73 was about 3.5 feet (1.1 metres). In the southern part of Harris County, about 55 percent of the subsidence is a result of compaction in the Chicot aquifer. The area in which subsidence is 1 foot (0.3 metre) or more has increased from about 350 square miles (906 square kilometres) in 1954 to about 2,500 square miles (6,475 square kilometres) in 1973. Estimates of subsidence are based on the amount of water-level decline, the thickness of the clay, and the compressibility of the clay. At Seabrook, it is estimated that for each 1 foot (0.3 metre) of average water-level decline, 1 foot (0.3 metre) of clay would compact 0.000031 foot (0.00094 centimetre). At Seabrook, for 1 foot (0.3 metre) of water-level decline, 0.0248 foot (0.756 centimetre) of subsidence would occur. Planned use of surface water instead of ground water will probably result in some recovery of artesian pressures. If pressure recovery occurs the rate of subsidence should decrease substantially in the more critical areas.

Texas↗
USGS1974

Land-surface subsidence in the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays near Baytown, Texas

Removal of water, oil, and gas from the subsurface in Harris County has caused declines in fluid pressures, which in turn have resulted in subsidence of the land surface. Subsidence in the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays near Baytown is becoming critical because much of the area is now subject to inundation by high tides. Production of oil and gas from the Goose Creek Field on the southeast edge of Baytown had caused as much as 3.25 feet (1 meter) of subsidence by 1925. The subsidence due to oil and gas production is restricted to the area of production and has not extended to the area of Burnett, Scott, and Crystal Bays. Withdrawals of water from large-capacity industrial wells, which resulted in declines in artesian pressure, began about 1918. As much as 280 feet (85.3 meters) of artesian-head decline has occurred in the Evangeline aquifer, and as much as 320 feet (97.5 meters) of artesianhead decline has occurred in the Alta Lorna Sand of Rose (1943). Significant subsidence of the land surface probably began about 1920 or later and as much as 8.2 feet (2.5 meters) of subsidence had occurred in the area by 1973. The study of subsidence in the area of the three bays included the collection of undisturbed clay samples for laboratory analyses, collection of water-level records, and installation and monitoring of pressure transducers in clays and of observation wells in sands. Probable future subsidence was calculated for two loading situations. Case I provided that the artesian head in both the Alta Lorna Sand and Evangeline aquifer would continue to decline at a rate of 6 feet (1.8 meters) per year until 1980 and then cease. Case II provided that artesian head in the Alta Lorna Sand would continue to decline at a rate of about 6 feet (1.8 meters) per year until about 1995, when the potentiometric surface would reach the top of the Alta Lorna Sand. The artesian head in the Evangeline aquifer would also decline about 6 feet (1.8 meters) per year until 1995. The ultimate subsidence expected for the assumed conditions of case I and case II is 11.4 feet (3.47 meters) and 15.1 feet (4.60 meters), respectively. However, only 1.4 feet (0.43 meter) of subsidence below present land surface would occur if artesian heads were maintained at their present levels. To halt subsidence in the near future, artesian head must be increased, either by decreasing pumpage or by repressurization by artificial recharge.

Texas↗