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C.J. Sholar

Publications and source records attributed to C.J. Sholar.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1988

Water use in Kentucky, 1985

Water use information for 1985 was collected and reported by county for eight major categories of use. Seven of the categories were offstream uses, which included (1) public supply , (2) commercial, (3) domestic, (4) industrial, (5) mining, (6) thermoelectric, and (7) agricultural uses. The agricultural uses category was separated into irrigation and livestock water use. Instream water-use data also were collected for hydroelectric power generation. Water use in Kentucky was estimated to average 4,200 million gallons per day (M gal/d) during 1985 for all offstream uses. About 95% of this amount was from surface water sources, and about 5% was from groundwater sources. Per capita use for all offstream uses was about 1,100 gal/day. About 260 M gal/d was consumed (not returned to the surface--or groundwater system). Instream water use for hydroelectric power generation was estimated to be 91,000 M gal/d. Almost 97% of the offstream water withdrawals in 1985 were withdrawn for thermoelectric, public supply, and industrial use. Cooling water used in the production of thermoelectric power accounted for about 81% of the total offstream water use in 1985. Water withdrawn for public supplies was the second largest offstream use at about 10 % of the total, and industrial water use was almost 6%. Thermoelectric, domestic, and livestock uses accounted for almost 90% of the consumptive use in 1985. Consumptive use in the thermoelectric category was almost one-half of the total amount consumed in the State for all uses. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1986

Calibration and verification of a streamflow simulation model for the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort, Kentucky

A streamflow-routing model was developed to simulate flows that could be used to evaluate stresses on the streamflow characteristics of the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort. The study area was divided into four reaches, and the model simulated daily streamflows at the downstream ends of each reach. Statistical analyses on the observed and simulated flows between October 1, 1940 and September 30, 1981, were compared to evaluate the model. Observed and simulated annual minimum 7-day average discharges compared satisfactorily. Frequency analyses showed the 7-day, 10-year simulated low flow values to be about 7 to 29 percent less than the observed flows. Flow duration curves showed very close comparison between observed and simulated discharges. These statistical results indicate the model was calibrated sufficiently to give reasonable simulated values. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1986

Water supplies in western Kentucky during 1984

An inventory was conducted between April and October 1985 of 101 major public supply systems and of self-supplied commercial and industrial water systems in a 27-county area in western Kentucky. These systems, because they withdraw at least 10,000 gal/day (gpd), are regulated by the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Projection Cabinet (Division of Water) through a permitting program. The major purpose of the inventory was to evaluate the adequacy of these water systems to meet demands during times of drought. The inventory indicated that these systems withdrew 116.3 million gpd in 1984. The study showed that public facilities supplied 33.1 mil gpd to 471,500 people. Bowling Green Municipal Utilities in the Green River basin was the largest single public supplier. It supplied 5.05 million gpd to 48,000 people, and also sold over 1.7 million gpd to about 30 ,000 people through the Warren County Water System. Comparisons of ground- and surface-water use indicated the Lower Ohio River basin had the highest percentage of surface-water use at 97%, and the Mississippi River basin had the highest percentage of groundwater use at 41%. Sources of water were generally adequate throughout the study area. Sources for two industries, also in the Green River basin, are inadequate. Six systems may have potential problems with their treatment plant capacities because they are operating at > 80% of design capacity. Three of these systems are in the Green River basin, two are in the Lower Cumberland River basin, and one is in the Tennessee River basin. (Author 's abstract)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗