Geology Reports⌕ Search

Geology topics

C. M. Trautwein

Publications and source records attributed to C. M. Trautwein.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS2003

Estimating lava volume by precision combination of multiple baseline spaceborne and airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar: The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques are used to calculate the volume of extrusion at Okmok volcano, Alaska by constructing precise digital elevation models (DEMs) that represent volcano topography before and after the 1997 eruption. The posteruption DEM is generated using airborne topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) data where a three-dimensional affine transformation is used to account for the misalignments between different DEM patches. The preeruption DEM is produced using repeat-pass European Remote Sensing satellite data; multiple interferograms are combined to reduce errors due to atmospheric variations, and deformation rates are estimated independently and removed from the interferograms used for DEM generation. The extrusive flow volume associated with the 1997 eruption of Okmok volcano is 0.154 ?? 0.025 km3. The thickest portion is approximately 50 m, although field measurements of the flow margin's height do not exceed 20 m. The in situ measurements at lava edges are not representative of the total thickness, and precise DEM data are absolutely essential to calculate eruption volume based on lava thickness estimations. This study is an example that demonstrates how InSAR will play a significant role in studying volcanoes in remote areas.

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing↗
USGS1993

The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, remote sensing, and mineral resources maps of the Butte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana

The Butte 1?x2 ? quadrangle in west-central Montana was investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). These investigations included geologic mapping, geochemical surveys, gravity and aeromagnetic surveys, examinations of mineral deposits, and specialized geochronologic and remote-sensing studies. The data collected during these studies were compiled, combined with available published and unpublished data, analyzed, and used in a mineral-resource assessment of the quadrangle. The results, including data, interpretations, and mineral-resource assessments for nine types of mineral deposits, are published separately as a folio of maps. These maps are accompanied by figures, tables, and explanatory text. This circular provides background information on the Butte quadrangle, summarizes the studies and published maps, and lists a selected bibliography of references pertinent to the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and mineral resources of the quadrangle. The Butte quadrangle, which includes the world-famous Butte mining district, has a long history of mineral production. Many mining districts within the quadrangle have produced large quantities of many commodities; the most important in dollar value of production were copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and phosphate. At present, mines at several locations produce copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, and phosphate. Exploration, mainly for gold, has indicated the presence of other mineral deposits that may be exploited in the future. The results of the investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that many areas of the quadrangle are highly favorable for the occurrence of additional undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, and other metals in several deposit types.

Circular↗
USGS1993

Maps showing mineral resource assessment for porphyry and stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten and for stockwork and disseminated deposits of gold and silver in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana

This report documents the assessment for potential occurrences of undiscovered porphyry and stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten (porphyry Cu-Mo-W) and stockwork and disseminated deposits of gold and silver (disseminated Au-Ag) in the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. The Butte quadrangle, in west-central Montana, is one of the best known mineral producing regions in the U.S. Mining districts in the quadrangle, including the world famous Butte or Summit Valley district, have produced a variety of metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities valued at more than $6.4 billion (at the time of production). Because of its importance as a mineral producing region, the Butte quadrangle was selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Under this program, new data on geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geochronology, mineral resources, and remote sensing were collected and synthesized. The field and laboratory studies were supported, in part, by funding from the Geologic Framework and Synthesis Program and the Wilderness Program. The methods used in this resource assessment for porphyry Cu-Mo-W and disseminated Au-Ag deposits in the quadrangle include a compilation of all data, the development of descriptive occurrence models, and the analysis of data using techniques provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS). This map is one of several maps on the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other deposit types have been assessed for the Butte quadrangle, and maps (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Miscellaneous Investigation Series Maps) for each of the following have been prepared: Vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten (Elliott, Wallace, and others, 1992a) and skarn deposits of gold, silver, copper, tungsten, and iron (Elliott and others, 1992b ). Other publications resulting from this study include linear features map (Rowan and others, 1991 ); limonite and hydrothermal alteration map (Rowan and Segal, 1989); mineral occurrence maps (Elliott and others, 1986; Elliott, Loen, and others, 1992); and geologic maps (Wallace, 1987; Wallace and others, 1987).

Montana↗
USGS1992

Mineral resource assessment of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana

The Dillon 1 ° x2° quadrangle in southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho was investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) to determine its mineral resource potential. An interdisciplinary study was made of geology, geochemistry, geophysics (gravity and aeromagnetics), remote sensing, and mineral deposits. The results of those studies, as well as mineral resource assessment of numerous mineraldeposit types, are published separately as a folio of maps. This report summarizes the studies, provides background information on them, and presents a selected bibliography relevant to the geology and mineral resources of the quadrangle. The quadrangle contains large resources of gold and substantial resources of talc and chlorite, all of which were being mined in the 1980's and early 1990's. Submarginal resources of molybdenum, copper, tungsten, and iron range from moderately large to large. Other commodities that may be present in significant amounts are chromite, lead, zinc, silver, barite, zeolite minerals, and various nonmetallic metamorphic minerals.

Idaho, Montana↗
USGS1992

Maps showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals, barite, and fluorspar, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana

This report is one of several that assess the mineral resources in the Dillon quadrangle. For the purpose of the assessment, the deposits that are known in the quadrangle, or suspected to be present from a knowledge of the geologic setting, have been grouped into 30 deposit types on the basis of the mineralogy or commodity in the ore and the structural or depositional setting of the deposit. The emphasis in these assessment reports is on metallic minerals, but some important nonmetallic minerals are also considered. Fossil fuels are beyond the scope of this investigation, phosphate and uranium have been investigated previously (Swanson, 1970; Wodzicki and Krason, 1981 ), and certain nonmetallic minerals, including bulk commodities such as sand and gravel, are in large supply and thus are not considered. The mineral resource assessment discussed in this report concentrates on a single deposit type (of the total of 30 types) that we call "vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals." Base and precious metals produced from such deposits are copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver. Vein deposits of barite and fluorspar are also discussed, but because they seem to be of minor importance, they are treated briefly. Vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals are classified as a single deposit type rather than as numerous possible subordinate types that might be distinguished on the basis of mineralogy, metal content, or other factors, because the characteristics of the ore, the ore bodies, and the structural setting are not sufficiently well known to yield a consistent detailed classification for the entire quadrangle. Furthermore, the criteria used here to explain the localization of deposits are too general to allow discrimination among subordinate types at a scale of 1 :250,000 or smaller. In assessing mineral resources, we have adopted a general philosophy similar to that of Harrison and others ( 1986). We attempt to identify parts of the quadrangle that are favorable for the occurrence of mineral resources, and we make an assignment of the relative resource potential of all parts of the quadrangle. We do not attempt to locate specific exploration targets nor to determine the quantity of reserves or resources present.

Idaho, Montana↗
USGS1992

Maps showing mineral resource assessment for copper and molybdenum in porphyry and stockwork deposits and for tungsten, iron, gold, copper, and silver in skarn deposits, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana

This report is one of several in the series that assess the mineral resources of the Dillon quadrangle. For the purpose of the assessment, mineral deposits· in the quadrangle that are either known or suspected from a knowledge of the geologic setting have been grou~d into 30 deposit types on the basis of mineralogy, commodity, or structural or depositional setting. The emphasis in these assessment reports is on metallic minerals, but some important nonmetallic minerals will also be assessed. Fossil fuels are beyond the scope of this investigation; phosphate and uranium have been investigated previously (Swanson, 1970; Wodzicki andKrason, 1981); and certain nonmetallic. minerals, including bulk commodities such as sand and gravel, are in large supply and thus not considered. The ·mineral resource assessment discussed in this report considers two deposit types: (1) porphyry or stockwork deposits of copper. and molybdenum (referred to generally in this report as porphyry deposits) and (2) skarn deposits of tungsten, iron, gold, copper, and silver. Combining copper and molybenum porphyry deposits into a single deposit type is believed necessary for this purpose· mainly because the two metals are found together in most .deposits in the quadrangle, a geochemical signature unique to each has not been determined, and the significant petrologic characteristics of many associated plutons are not well known, especially characterist~cs of subsurface plutons whose presence is .inferred from geophysical data. In assessing mineral resources,· we have adopted a general philosophy similar to that of Harrison and others (19S6). We attempt to identify those parts of the quadrangle that are favorable for the occurrence of mineral resources. We do not attempt to locate specific exploration targets nor to determine the quantity of reserves or resources present.

Idaho, Montana↗
USGS1992

Map showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana

The purpose of this report is to assess the potential for undiscovered vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle. This quadrangle, in west-central Montana, is one of the most mineralized and productive regions in the United States. Its mining districts, including the world famous Butte or Summit Valley district, have produced a variety of metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities valued at more than $6.4 billion. Because of its importance as a mineral producing region, the Butte quadrangle was selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Under this program, new data on geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geochronology, mineral resources, and remote sensing were collected and synthesized. The field and laboratory studies were also supported by funding from the Geologic Framework and Synthesis Program and the Wilderness Program. The methods used in resource assessment include a compilation of all data into data sets, the development of a descriptive model for vein and replacement deposits in the quadrangle, and the analysis of data using techniques provided by the Geographic Information System (GIS). This map is one of a number of reports and maps on the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other publications resulting from this study include U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Maps 1-2050-A (Rowan and Segal, in press) and I-2050-B (Purdy and Rowan, in press); Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1925 (Wallace, 1987); and Open-File Reports 86-292 (Wallace and others, 1986) and 86--0632 (Elliott and others, 1986). Reports on mineral resource assessment for several other types of deposits in the Butte quadrangle are in preparation.

Montana↗
USGS1992

Maps showing mineral resource assessment for skarn deposits of gold, silver, copper, tungsten, and iron in the Butte 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana

The purpose of this report is to assess the potential for undiscovered skarn deposits of gold, silver, copper, tungsten, and iron in the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other deposit types have been assessed and reports for each of the following have been prepared: Vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, ·manganese, and tungsten; porphyry-stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten; stockwork-disseminated deposits of gold and silver; placer deposits of gold; and miscellaneous deposit types including strata-bound deposits of copper and silver in rocks of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, phosphate deposits in the Permian Phosporia Formation, and deposits of barite and fluorite. The Butte quadrangle, in west-central Montana, is one of the most mineralized and productive mining regions in the U.S. Its mining districts, including the world famous Butte or Summit Valley district, have produced a variety of metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities valued at more than $6.4 billion (at the time of production). Because of its importance as a mineral producing region, the Butte quadrangle was selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Under this program, new data on geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geochronology, mineral resources, and remote sensing were collected and synthesized. The field and laboratory studies were supported, in part, by funding from the Geologic Framework and Synthesis Program and the Wilderness Program. The methods used in resource assessment include a compilation of all data into data sets, the development of an occurrence model for skarn deposits in the quadrangle, and the analysis of data using techniques provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS). This map is one of a number of reports and maps on the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other publications resulting from this study include U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Miscellaneous Investigations Series Maps 1-2050-A (Rowan and Segal, 1989), 1-2050-B (Rowan and others, 1991), 1-2050-D (Elliott and others, in press); Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1925 (Wallace, 1987a); and Open-File Reports OF-86-292 (Wallace and others, 1986) and OF-86-0632 (Elliott and others, 1986).

IMAP↗
USGS1991

Map showing the association of linear features with metallic mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana

This study was undertaken as part of the Conterminous U.S. Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). The purpose of the study was to map linear features on Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images and a proprietary side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) image mosaic and to determine the spatial relationship between these linear features and the locations of metallic mineral occurrE-nces. The results show a close spatial association of linear features with metallic mineral occurrences in parts of the quadrangle, but in other areas the association is less well defined. Linear features are defined as distinct linear and slightly curvilinear elements mappable on MSS and SLAR images. The features generally represent linear segments of streams, ridges, and terminations of topographic features; however, they may also represent tonal patterns that are related to variations in lithology and vegetation. Most linear features in the Butte quadrangle probably represent underlying structural elements, such as fractures (with and without displacement), dikes, and alignment of fold axes. However, in areas underlain by sedimentary rocks, some of the linear features may reflect bedding traces. This report describes the geologic setting of the Butte quadrangle, the procedures used in mapping and analyzing the linear features, and the results of the study. Relationship of these features to placer and non-metal deposits were not analyzed in this study and are not discussed in this report.

Montana↗
USGS1987

New techniques for the quantification and modeling of remotely sensed alteration and linear features in mineral resource assessment studies

Linear structural features and hydrothermally altered rocks that were interpreted from Landsat data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in regional mineral resource appraisals for more than a decade. In the past, linear features and alterations have been incorporated into models for assessing mineral resources potential by manually overlaying these and other data sets. Recently, USGS research into computer-based geographic information systems (GIS) for mineral resources assessment programs has produced several new techniques for data analysis, quantification, and integration to meet assessment objectives.

Pecora XI Symposium↗
USGS1983

Slides showing quantitative models for mineral-resource assessment of the Rolla 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Missouri

Th.is report consists of nineteen 35-mm color slides sh.owing digital synthesis and quantitative modeling of five geologic recognition criteria for assessment of Mississippi Valley-type resource potential in the Rolla 1° x 2° quadrangle, Missouri. The digital synthesis and quantitative modeling (Pratt and others, 1982) was done to supplement an earlier manual synthesis and evaluation (Pratt, 1981). The five criteria synthesized in this study, and the sources of data used, are that most known deposits are: In dolomite of the Bonneterre Formation, near the limestone-dolomite interface, which is defined as ls:dol = 1:16 (Thacker and Anderson, 1979; Kisvarsanyi, 1982); Near areas where insoluble residues of "barren" Bonneterre Formation contain anomalously high amounts of base metals (Erickson and others, 1978); Near areas of faults and fractures in the Bonneterre Formation or in underlying rocks (Pratt, 1982); In "brown rock" (finely crystalline brown dolomite) near the interface with "white rock" (coarsely recrystallized, white or very light gray, vuggy, illite-bearing dolomite) (Kisvarsanyi, 1982); Near or within favorably situated digitate reef-complex facies (Kisvarsanyi , 1982).

Open-File Report↗