Geology topics

Adam H. Moody

Publications and source records attributed to Adam H. Moody.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

USGS2026

Effects of carbamazepine to visual function in early life stage fish

The frequent detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment raises concern for aquatic systems. Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic drug, is among the most detected PPCP globally, with concentrations in surface water exceeding those that induce toxicity to aquatic organisms. Non-targeted transcriptomic profiling was conducted in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) larvae exposed to 0, 1, 5, 10, or 50 μg/L CBZ from 2 h post fertilization (hpf) through hatching, and then sampled at 48, 72, or 144 hpf. Transcriptomic profiles were annotated and characterized with in silico bioinformatic software to assess top enriched pathways and identify targets of environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ and anchor molecular effects to higher levels of biological organization. Based on this analysis, CBZ was predicted to impair visual perception and sensory system development. The number of eye saccades, determined with a visually mediated behavioral assay, optokinetic response, was significantly reduced in 144 hpf larvae exposed to concentrations as low as 1 μg/L CBZ. These results indicate that environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ may target and impact processes involved in visual function in fish.

Environmental Research↗

USGS2025

Targeted quantitation of 6ppd-quinone in fish tissue samples with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The tire additive transformation product N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N’ -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) has recently garnered global attention due to its acute toxicity to some salmonids, such as coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ), and its ubiquitous presence in urban stormwater systems. In the present study, we developed and compared the extraction efficiency of two sample preparation methodologies for quantification of 6PPD-quinone among two fish tissue sample types that included fillet of smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieu ) and whole-body samples of O. kisutch fry subjected to in vivo exposure tests with 6PPD-quinone. The two sample preparation methods tested included an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) approach and a sonication extraction approach. Both sample preparation methods included identical purification steps for the crude sample extracts with enhanced matrix removal cartridges. The purified sample extracts were subjected to targeted analysis of 6PPD-quinone using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that extractions made with the reported ASE method demonstrated significantly higher absolute recovery (80–96%) of the extracted internal standard, [ 13 C 6 ]-6PPD-quinone, than sonication-based extractions (74–80%) in both fish tissue sample types. The proposed ASE method shows acceptable limits of quantification (0.37–0.67 ng g −1 ), linearity (R 2 > 0.996), and repeatability (RSD ≤ 9%). This work advances research capabilities for investigations on the toxicokinetic processes of 6PPD-quinone in biological samples.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry↗

USGS2024

Degradation kinetics of veterinary antibiotics and estrogenic hormones in a claypan soil

Veterinary antibiotics and estrogens are excreted in livestock waste before being applied to agricultural lands as fertilizer, resulting in contamination of soil and adjacent waterways. The objectives of this study were to 1) investigate the degradation kinetics of the VAs sulfamethazine and lincomycin and the estrogens estrone and 17β-estradiol in soil mesocosms, and 2) assess the effect of the phytochemical DIBOA-Glu, secreted in eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) roots, on antibiotic degradation due to the ability of DIBOA-Glu to facilitate hydrolysis of atrazine in solution assays. Mesocosm soil was a silt loam representing a typical claypan soil in portions of Missouri and the Central United States. Mesocosms (n = 133) were treated with a single target compound (antibiotic concentrations at 125 ng g−1 dw, estrogen concentrations at 1250 ng g−1 dw); a subset of mesocosms treated with antibiotics were also treated with DIBOA-Glu (12,500 ng g−1 dw); all mesocosms were kept at 60% water-filled pore space and incubated at 25 °C in darkness. Randomly chosen mesocosms were destructively sampled in triplicate for up to 96 days. All targeted compounds followed pseudo first-order degradation kinetics in soil. The soil half-life (t0.5) of sulfamethazine ranged between 17.8 and 30.1 d and ranged between 9.37 and 9.90 d for lincomycin. The antibiotics results showed no significant differences in degradation kinetics between treatments with or without DIBOA-Glu. For estrogens, degradation rates of estrone (t0.5 = 4.71–6.08 d) and 17β-estradiol (t0.5 = 5.59–6.03 d) were very similar; however, results showed that estrone was present as a metabolite in the 17β-estradiol treated mesocosms and vice-versa within 24 h. The antibiotics results suggest that sulfamethazine has a greater potential to persist in soil than lincomycin. The interconversion of 17β-estradiol and estrone in soil increased their overall persistence and sustained soil estrogenicity. This study demonstrates the persistence of these compounds in a typical claypan soil representing portions of the Central United States.

Chemosphere↗

USGS2022

Vegetative buffer strips show limited effectiveness for reducing antibiotic transport in surface runoff

Vegetative buffer strips (VBS) have been demonstrated to effectively reduce loads of sediment, nutrients, and herbicides in surface runoff, but their effectiveness for reducing veterinary antibiotic (VA) loads in runoff has not been well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of VBS vegetation and width on surface runoff loads of the VAs sulfamethazine (SMZ) and lincomycin (LIN). Experimental design of the plots (1.5 × 25 m) was a two-way factorial with four vegetation treatments (tall fescue [ Festuca aruninacea Schreb.]; tall fescue with switchgrass [ Panicum virgatum L.] hedge; warm-season native grass mix; and continuous fallow control), and four buffer widths (0, 2, 5, and 9 m). Turkey litter spiked with SMZ and LIN was applied to the source area (upper 7 m) of each plot, and runoff was collected at each width. Runoff was generated with a rotating boom simulator. Results showed VA loads in runoff at the 0-m sampler ranged from 3.8 to 5.9% of applied, and overall VA transport in runoff was predominately in the dissolved phase (90% for SMZ and 99% for LIN). Among vegetation treatments, only tall fescue significantly reduced loads of SMZ and LIN compared with the control, with load reductions of ∼30% for both VAs. Estimated field-scale reductions in VA loads showed that source-to-buffer area ratios (SBARs) of 10:1 to 20:1 reduced VA loads by only 7 to 16%. Overall, the grass VBS tested here were less effective at reducing SMZ and LIN loads in surface runoff than has been previously demonstrated for sediment, nutrients, and herbicides.

Journal of Environmental Quality↗