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A.C. Lietz

Publications and source records attributed to A.C. Lietz.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS2005

Impact of anthropogenic development on coastal ground-water hydrology in southeastern Florida, 1900-2000

Southeastern Florida is an area that has been subject to widely conflicting anthropogenic stress to the Everglades and coastal ecosystems. This stress is a direct consequence of the 20th century economic competition for limited land and water resources needed to satisfy agricultural development and its expansion, its displacement by burgeoning urban development, and the accompanying growth of the limestone mining industry. The development of a highly controlled water-management system designed to reclaim land for urban and agricultural development has severely impacted the extent, character, and vitality of the historic Everglades and coastal ecosystems. An extensive conveyance system of canals, levees, impoundments, surface- water control structures, and numerous municipal well fields are used to sustain the present-day Everglades hydrologic system, prevent overland flow from moving eastward and flooding urban and agricultural areas, maintain water levels to prevent saltwater intrusion, and provide an adequate water supply. Extractive mining activities expanded considerably in the latter part of the 20th century, largely in response to urban construction needs. Much of the present-day urban-agricultural corridor of southeastern Florida lies within an area that is no more than 15 feet above NGVD 1929 and formerly characterized by freshwater marsh, upland, and saline coastal wetland ecosystems. Miami- Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach Counties have experienced explosive population growth, increasing from less than 4,000 inhabitants in 1900 to more than 5 million in 2000. Ground-water use, the principal source of municipal supply, has increased from about 65 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) obtained from 3 well fields in 1930 to more than 770 Mgal/d obtained from 65 well fields in 1995. Water use for agricultural supply increased from 505 Mgal/d in 1953 to nearly 1,150 Mgal/d in 1988, but has since declined to 764 Mgal/d in 1995, partly as a result of displacement of the agricultural industry by urban growth. Present-day agricultural supplies are obtained largely from surface-water sources in Palm Beach County and ground-water sources in Miami-Dade County, whereas Broward County agricultural growers have been largely displaced. The construction of a complex canal drainage system and large well fields has substantially altered the surface- and ground-water hydrologic systems. The drainage system constructed between 1910 and 1928 mostly failed to transport flood flows, however, and exacerbated periods of low rainfall and drought by overdraining the surficial aquifer system. Following completion of the 1930s Hoover Dike levee system that was designed to reduce Lake Okeechobee flood flows, the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control Project initiated the restructure of the existing conveyance system in 1948 through canal expansion, construction of protective levees and control structures, and greater management of ground-water levels in the surficial aquifer system. Gated canal control structures discharge excess surface water during the wet season and remain closed during the dry season to induce recharge by canal seepage and well withdrawals. Management of surface water through canal systems has successfully maintained lower ground-water levels inland to curb urban and agricultural flooding, and has been used to increase ground-water levels near the coast to impede saltwater intrusion. Coastal discharge, however, appears to have declined, due in part to water being rerouted to secondary canals, and to induced recharge to the surficial aquifer system by large municipal withdrawals. Southeastern Florida is underlain by Holocene- to Tertiary-age karstic limestone deposits that form (in descending order): a highly prolific surficial aquifer system, a poorly permeable intermediate confining system, and a permeable Floridan aquifer system. Prior to construction of a complex drainage netwo

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USGS2003

Occurrence and Distribution of Pesticides in the St. Lucie River Watershed, South-Central Florida, 2000-01, Based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Screening

The St. Lucie River watershed is a valuable estuarine ecosystem and resource in south-central Florida. The watershed has undergone extensive changes over the last century because of anthropogenic activities. These activities have resulted in a complex urban and agricultural drainage network that facilitates the transport of contaminants, including pesticides, to the primary canals and then to the estuary. Historical data indicate that aquatic life criteria for selected pesticides have been exceeded. To address this concern, a reconnaissance was conducted to assess the occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides within the St. Lucie River watershed. Numerous water samples were collected from 37 sites among various land-use categories (urban/built-up, citrus, cropland/pastureland, and inte-grated). Samples were collected at inflow points to primary canals (C-23, C-24, and C-44) and at control structures along these canals from October 2000 to September 2001. Samples were screened for four pesticide classes (triazines, chloroacetanilides, chlorophenoxy compounds, and organophosphates) by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) screening. A temporal distribution of pesticides within the watershed was made based on samples collected at the integrated sites during different rainfall events between October 2000 and September 2001. Triazines were detected in 32 percent of the samples collected at the integrated sites. Chloroacetanilides were detected in 60 percent of the samples collected at the integrated sites, with most detections occurring at one site. Chlorophenoxy compounds were detected in 17 percent of the samples collected at the integrated sites. Organophosphates were detected in only one sample. A spatial distribution and range of concentration of pesticides at the 37 sampling sites in the watershed were determined among land-use categories. Triazine concentrations ranged from highest to lowest in the citrus, urban/built-up, and integrated areas, respectively. The highest median triazine concentration was found in the cropland/pastureland area. Chloroacetanilide concentra-tions ranged from highest to lowest in the citrus, integrated, urban/built-up, and cropland/pastureland areas, respectively. Chlorophenoxy compound concentrations ranged from highest to lowest in the urban/built-up, integrated, citrus, and cropland/pastureland areas, respectively. The maximum concentrations of triazines, chloroacetanilides, and chlorophenoxy compounds were 0.63, 1.0, and 14 micrograms per liter, respectively. Organophosphate was detected once at an integrated site at a concentration of 0.20 microgram per liter. Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has no aquatic life guidelines for atrazine and metolachlor. However, assuming that all triazine and metolachlor concentrations from ELISA and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were the result of atrazine and metolachlor detections, no concentrations exceeded the Canadian aquatic life guidelines for atrazine and metolachlor. One organophosphate detection (0.2 microgram per liter) did exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency aquatic life guideline for chlorpyrifos. The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio (DAR) is an important indicator of atrazine transport in the environment. The DAR ranged from 0.25 to 0.33, indicating that postapplication runoff was the most likely source of atrazine to the environment at the time of sampling. Deisopropylatrazine is a metabolite of atrazine and structurally similar compounds, such as simazine and cyanazine. The deisopropylatrazine/deethylatrazine ratio (D2R) is an indicator of nonpoint sources of deisopropylatrazine to the environment. The ratio ranged from 1 to 3 in this study, indicating simazine was an important source of deisopropylatrazine to the environment at the time of sampling, as opposed to atrazine alone. Confirmation analyses by GC/MS for triazines detected by ELISA indicated the presence of atrazine, simazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine. Metolachlor, however, or any of the pesticides for which the ELISA test is cross reactive (acetochlor, butachlor, propachlor, or alachlor) were not detected by GC/MS analysis. The chloroacetanilide detections may be the result of antibody cross reactivity with two metolachlor metabolites; namely, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA). Metalaxyl, a fungicide also used in the watershed, cross reacts with metolachlor antibodies at low concentrations. Quality assurance efforts included the collection of duplicate samples and equipment blanks for every 10 and 20 environmental samples collected, respectively. All equipment blank test results showed concentrations below the method detection limit (MDL) for triazines, chlorophenoxy compounds, and organophosphates. Chloroacetanilide concentrations ranged from the method detection limit of 0.05 to 0.07 microgram per liter. Further results indicated statistically significant differences between triazines by ELISA and atrazine by GC/MS when ELISA results are converted to the MDL. There was, however, no statistically significant difference between triazines determined by ELISA and atrazine determined by GC/MS when ELISA results were converted to one-half the MDL.

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USGS2002

Feasibility of Estimating Constituent Concentrations and Loads Based on Data Recorded by Acoustic Instrumentation

The acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) were used to estimate constituent concentrations and loads at a sampling site along the Hendry-Collier County boundary in southwestern Florida. The sampling site is strategically placed within a highly managed canal system that exhibits low and rapidly changing water conditions. With the ADCP and ADVM, flow can be gaged more accurately rather than by conventional field-data collection methods. An ADVM velocity rating relates measured velocity determined by the ADCP (dependent variable) with the ADVM velocity (independent variable) by means of regression analysis techniques. The coefficient of determination (R2) for this rating is 0.99 at the sampling site. Concentrations and loads of total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total nitrogen (dependent variables) were related to instantaneous discharge, acoustic backscatter, stage, or water temperature (independent variables) recorded at the time of sampling. Only positive discharges were used for this analysis. Discharges less than 100 cubic feet per second generally are considered inaccurate (probably as a result of acoustic ray bending and vertical temperature gradients in the water column). Of the concentration models, only total phosphorus was statistically significant at the 95-percent confidence level (p-value less than 0.05). Total phosphorus had an adjusted R2 of 0.93, indicating most of the variation in the concentration can be explained by the discharge. All of the load models for total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total nitrogen were statistically significant. Most of the variation in load can be explained by the discharge as reflected in the adjusted R2 for total phosphorus (0.98), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (0.99), and total nitrogen (0.99).

Open-File Report↗
USGS2002

Average altitude of the water table (1990-99) and frequency analysis of water levels (1974-99) in the Biscayne aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida

Miami-Dade County occupies about 2,000 square miles along the southeastern part of peninsular Florida. Five prominent physiographic features are located within the confines of Miami-Dade County and include the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, Big Cypress Swamp, the Sandy Flatlands, coastal marshes and mangrove swamps, and the Everglades (fig. 1). The highest altitudes occur along the Atlantic Coastal Ridge (2 to 10 miles wide), ranging from 8 to 15 feet above sea level but may be as high as 20 feet. The Atlantic Coastal Ridge forms a natural barrier to drainage from the interior. The Sandy Flatlands in northeastern Miami-Dade County ranges from 6 to 18 feet above sea level; this area was poorly drained prior to development. The Everglades forms a natural trough across the county, with altitudes ranging from 9 feet above sea level in the northwestern part to about 3 feet above sea level in the southwestern part. A small section of the Big Cypress Swamp occupies northwestern Miami-Dade County, with altitudes ranging from 7 to 10 feet above sea level. Along the coast, marshes and mangrove swamps have altitudes ranging from 0 to 3 feet above sea level (Fish and Stewart, 1991). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Miami-Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management (DERM), conducted a study to determine the average altitude of the water table in the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County and to perform a water-level frequency analysis for selected time periods. Water-table maps in this report are based on average yearly May, October, high, and low water levels during 1990-94, 1995-99, and 1990-99. Data collected in May and October are used to show the yearly water-level conditions at the end of the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Water-level frequency analysis maps (5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence water levels) in this report are based on analysis of water-level data from continuous water-level recorders for the 1974-99 period. Water-level data for the maps were collected by Everglades National Park (ENP), the USGS, and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). Data for ENP sites were provided as averages by ENP. Determination of averages for the USGS data was performed using options available in the USGS Automated Data Processing System (ADAPS), and averages for the SFWMD data were determined from options available in the SFWMD Hydrometeorologic and Water-Quality Database (DBHYDRO). The ENP, USGS, and SFWMD data are reported as mean daily water levels and are referenced to sea level. In this report, sea level refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)-a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929. In this report, horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

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USGS2002

Design of a real-time ground-water level monitoring network and portrayal of hydrologic data in southern Florida

Ground-water resources in southern Florida are under increasing stress caused a rapid growth in population. As a result of increased demands on aquifers, water managers need more timely and accurate assessments of ground-water conditions in order to avoid or reduce adverse effects such as saltwater intrusion, loss of pumpage in residential water-supply wells, land-surface subsidence, and aquifer compaction. Hydrologic data were analyzed from three aquifer systems in southern Florida: the surficial aquifer system, which includes the Biscayne aquifer; the intermediate aquifer system, which includes the sandstone and mid-Hawthorn aquifers; and the Florida aquifer system represented by the lower Hawthorn producing zone. Long-term water-level trends were analyzed using the Seasonal Kendall trend test in 83 monitoring wells with a daily-value record spanning 26 years (1974-99). The majority of the wells with data for this period were in the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. Only 14 wells in southwestern Florida aquifers and 9 in the surficial aquifer system of Martin and Palm Beach Counties had data for the full period. Because many monitoring wells did not have data for this full period, several shorter periods were evaluated as well. The trend tests revealed small but statistically significant upward trends in most aquifers, but large and localized downward trends in the sandstone and mid-Hawthorn aquifers. Monthly means of maximum daily water levels from 246 wells were compared to monthly rainfall totals from rainfall stations in southwestern and southeastern Florida in order to determine which monitoring wells most clearly indicated decreases in water levels that corresponded to prolonged rainfall shortages. Of this total, 104 wells had periods of record over 20 years and could be compared against several drought periods. After factors such as lag, seasonal cyclicity, and cumulative functions were considered, the timing of minimum values of water level from 15 ground-water monitoring wells and average minimum rainfall values agreed 57 to 62 percent of the time over a 20 to 26 year period. On average, the timing of water-level minimums and rainfall minimums agreed about 52 percent of the time, and in some cases only agreed 29 percent of the time. A regression analysis was used to evaluate daily water levels from 203 monitoring wells that are currently, or recently had been, part of the network to determine which wells were most representative of each aquifer. The regression also was used to determine which wells provided data that could be used to provide estimations of water levels at other wells in the aquifer with a coefficient of determination (R2 value) from the regression of 0.64 or greater. In all, the regression analysis alone indicated that 35 wells generally had 10 years or more of data and could be used to directly monitor water levels or to estimate water levels at 180 of 203 wells (89 percent of the network). Ultimately, factors such as existing instrumentation, well construction, long-term water-level trends, and variations of water level and chloride concentration were considered together with the R 2 results in designing the final network. The Seasonal Kendall trend test was used to examine trends in ground-water chloride concentrations in 113 wells. Of these wells, 61 showed statistically significant trends. Fifty-six percent (34 of 61 wells) of the observed trends in chloride concentration were upward and 44 percent (27 of 61 wells) were downward. The relation between water level and chloride concentration in 114 ground-water wells was examined using Spearman's r and Pearson's r correlation coefficients. Statistically significant results showed both positive and negative relations. Based on the results of statistical analyses, period of record, well construction, and existing satellite telemetry, 33 monitoring wells were selected that could be used to assess ground-water conditions in 167 monitoring wells in southern Florida on an interim basis. A real-time ground-water level monitoring network ( http://www.sflorida.er.usgs.gov/ddn_data/index.html ) was designed to provide this information, and a prototype website was constructed to provide water managers with daily updates on ground-water conditions in southern Florida. Many of the same analytical tools used to select monitoring wells representative of aquifer conditions are also employed to analyze data for this website. These tools include regression analysis, the Seasonal Kendall trend test, and frequency analysis. The website also includes image maps showing the current conditions for stations in selected geographical areas and aquifers and statistical comparison plots for each station.

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USGS2001

Water-quality assessment within a drainage control district in southeastern Florida

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an extensive ground- and surface-water quality study in July 1989 to define the baseline water quality within a southeastern Florida drainage district and to develop a data base for future water-resource planning and management. Results were published in a USGS report (Lietz, 1996), comparing ground- and surface-water quality data (1989-94) to the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation Class I drinking-water standards. This Fact Sheet presents an additional 4 years of water-quality data and summarizes water-quality trends over the entire 10-year sampling period (1989-98) for selected sites and constituents.

Fact Sheet↗
USGS2000

Analysis of water-quality trends at two discharge stations — One within Big Cypress National Preserve and one near Biscayne Bay — Southern Florida, 1966-94

An analysis of water-quality trends was made at two U.S. Geological Survey daily discharge stations in southern Florida. The ESTREND computer program was the principal tool used for the determination of water-quality trends at the Miami Canal station west of Biscayne Bay in Miami and the Tamiami Canal station along U.S. Highway 41 in the Big Cypress National Preserve in Collier County. Variability in water quality caused by both seasonality and streamflow was compensated for by applying the nonparametric Seasonal Kendall trend test to unadjusted concentrations or flow-adjusted concentrations (residuals) determined from linear regression analysis. Concentrations of selected major inorganic constituents and physical characteristics; pH and dissolved oxygen; suspended sediment; nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon species; trace metals; and bacteriological and biological characteristics were determined at the Miami and Tamiami Canal stations. Median and maximum concentrations of selected constituents were compared to the Florida Class III freshwater standards for recreation, propagation, and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife. The median concentrations of the water-quality constituents and characteristics generally were higher at the Miami Canal station than at the Tamiami Canal station. The maximum value for specific conductance at the Miami Canal station exceeded the State standard. The median and maximum concentrations for ammonia at the Miami and Tamiami Canal stations exceeded the State standard, whereas median dissolved-oxygen concentrations at both stations were below the State standard. Trend results were indicative of either improvement or deterioration in water quality with time. Improvement in water quality at the Miami Canal station was reflected by downward trends in suspended sediment (1987-94), turbidity, (1970-78), total ammonia (1971-94), total phosphorus (1987-94), barium (1978-94), iron (1969-94), and fecal coliform (1976-94). Deterioration in water quality at the same station was indicated by upward trends in specific conductance (1966-94), dissolved solids (1966-94, 1976-94, and 1987-94), chloride (1966-94), potassium (1966-94), magnesium (1966-94), sodium (1966-94), sulfate (1966-94), silica (1966-94), suspended sediment (1974-94), total organic carbon (1970-81), and fecal streptococcus (1987-94). The downward trend in pH (1966-94) was indicative of deterioration in water quality at the Miami Canal station. Improvement in water quality at the Tamiami Canal station was reflected by downward trends in fluoride (1967-93), total ammonia (1970-92), total nitrite plus nitrate (1975-85), and barium (1978-93). Deterioration in water quality at the same station was statistically significant by upward trends in specific conductance (1967-93), dissolved solids (1967-93), chloride (1967-93), sodium (1967-93), potassium (1967-93), magnesium (1967-93), strontium (1967-93), and suspended sediment (1976-93). The downward trend in dissolved oxygen (1970-93) was indicative of deterioration in water quality.

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USGS1996

Assessment of water quality in the South Indian River Water Control District, Palm Beach County, Florida, 1989-94

The South Indian River Water Control District is located in an area of northern Palm Beach County, Fla., where many residents must rely on private wells for domestic water supplies and individual septic tanks for waste disposal. As a result, contamination of the surficial aquifer system and availability of a potable water supply have become of increasing concern. To address this concern, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Indian River Water Control District, conducted a study to assess ground-water and surface-water quality in the District from 1989 to 1994. The study consisted of water-quality monitoring at 11 wells and 14 surface-water sites located within the District. Water samples were analyzed for major inorganic constituents and physical characteristics, trace metals, nitrogen and phosphorus species, and synthetic organic compounds. The predominant water type within the South Indian River Water Control District is calcium bicarbonate; however, mixed-ion type water and sodium bicarbonate type water also exist in varying amounts. Sodium chloride type water is present in the western areas of the District due to incompletely flushed residual sea water. Results of the study indicated that concentrations of most constituents were within State drinking-water standards as established by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, but concentrations of certain constituents occasionally exceeded drinking-water standards in some ground-water and surface-water samples. Sodium and chloride concentrations exceeded the standards in ground water at two wells, dissolved-solids concentrations at five ground-water wells and one surface-water site, and color values at all 11 ground-water wells and all 14 surface-water sites. Other constituents also exhibited concentrations that exceeded drinking-water standards. Cadmium and zinc concentrations exceeded the standards in ground water at one well, and lead concentrations exceeded the standard in ground water at five wells. Nitrogen and phosphorus specie concentrations did not exceed respective drinking-water standards in any ground-water or surface-water samples. Additionally, organic compounds were not detected at four surface-water sites monitored for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System constituents. Several synthetic organic compounds were detected at or above 50 micrograms per liter in water samples collected from six ground-water wells and three surface-water sites.

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USGS1994

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1993. Volume 2B: South Florida - ground water

Water resources data for 1993 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 312 streams, periodic discharge for 9 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 107 streams, continuous or daily stage for 91 streams, periodic stage for 0 streams, peak discharge for 30 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 9 streams, and peak stage for 21 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 41 lakes, periodic elevations for 73 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 406 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 569 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 1,860 wells; quality of water data for 109 surface-water sites and 642 wells. The data for South Florida included continuous or daily discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 54 streams, peak stage discharge for 1 stream, continuous elevation for 1 lake; continuous ground-water levels for 203 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 299 wells and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 462 wells; quality-of-water for 3 surface-water sites and 545 wells. The data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperation with local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1993

Water Resources Data, Florida, Water Year 1992. Volume 2B. South Florida Ground Water

This volume of the annual hydrologic data report of Florida is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local, and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources. Hydrologic data for Florida are contained in four volumes.

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USGS1992

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1991. Volume 2B. South Florida ground water

Water resources data for the 1991 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 346 streams, periodic discharge for 27 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 50 streams, continuous or daily stage for 151 streams, periodic stage for 29 streams, peak discharge for 23 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 5 streams, and peak stage for 16 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 64 lakes, periodic elevations for 67 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 436 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1,229 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 1,628 wells; quality of water data for 139 surface-water sites and 761 wells. The data for South Florida included continuous or daily discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 84 streams, continuous elevation for 1 lake; continuous groundwater levels for 184 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 873 wells and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 317 wells; quality-of-water for 15 surface-water sites and 541 wells. The data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperation with local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1991

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1990. Volume 2B. South Florida ground water

Water resources data for the 1990 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 349 streams, periodic discharge for 40 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 105 streams, periodic stage for 25 streams, peak discharge for 41 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 streams, and peak stage for 40 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 70 lakes, periodic elevations for 70 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 441 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1,229 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 1,908 wells; quality of water data for 145 surface-water sites and 799 wells. The data for South Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 84 streams, continuous elevation for 1 lake; continuous ground-water levels for 184 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 873 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 317 wells; quality-of-water for 15 surface-water sites and 541 wells. This data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperation with local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1989. Volume 2B: South Florida - ground water

Water resources data for the 1989 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 295 streams, periodic discharge for 36 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 154 streams, periodic stage for 13 streams, peak discharge for 57 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 72 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 514 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 514 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 2,678 wells; quality of water data for 149 surface-water sites and 827 wells. The data for South Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 61 streams, continuous or daily stage for 80 streams, continuous elevation for 1 lake; continuous ground-water levels for 220 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 320 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 329 wells; quality-of-water for 3 surface-water sites and 545 wells. This data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperation local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

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